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vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡
uksV
(3) ;g jhfr O;fDrfu"B (subjective) u gksus osQ dkj.k] i{kikr ls eqDr gSA
(4) blesa ypu'khyrk dk Hkh xq.k gSA
(5) Li"V vkofèkd mPpkopuksa okyh dky Js.kh osQ fy;s ;g jhfr loksZi;qDr gSA
py ekè; jhfr osQ nks"k
(1) py&ekè;ksa dh mfpr vofèk (periodicity) fuf'pr djuk ljy dk;Z ugha gSA
(2) ;g jhfr osQoy fu;fer ifjorZuksa okyh dky Js.kh osQ fy, gh mi;qDr gS] vU; Jsf.k;ksa osQ fy, ughaA
(3) py&ekè;] leadksa esa vuk;kl gh pØh; mPpkopuksa dks tUe nsus dh izo`fÙk j[krs gSaA
(4) bl jhfr dk lcls cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd izo`fÙk dk ekiu djrs le; vkjEHk rFkk vUr osQ oqQN miufr
ewY; Lor% gh NwV tkrs gSaA
(5) lekUrj ekè; dh Hkk¡fr py&ekè; Hkh cM+s in&ekuksa (big sizes) ls izHkkfor gksdj lgh izo`fÙk dks foÑr
dj nsrs gSaA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
1- fn, x, iz'uksa dks gy djsaμ
1. 2.3-o"khZ; py ekè; osQ vk/kj ij miufr dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaA
o"kZ% 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
ewY;% 10 15 12 18 15 22 19 24 20 26 22 30 25
2. fuEu dky&Js.kh esa rhu&o"khZ; py ekè; dh lgk;rk ls izo`fÙk Kkr dhft, %
o"kZ% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ewY;% 11 12 9 8 14 15 18 16 17 19 21 24 28 30
3. fuEufyf[kr dky&Js.kh dk 5&o"khZ; py ekè; Kkr dhft,%
o"kZ : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ewY; : 110 104 78 105 109 120 115 110 114 122
4. fuEufyf[kr leadksa dk ikap&o"khZ; py ekè; Kkr dhft,%
o"kZ : 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
ewY; : 105 115 100 90 80 95 85 75 60 67
5. Hkkjr esa pk; osQ mRiknu osQ vkadM+ksa osQ fy, 4 o"kZ dk py ekè; iz.kkyh ls miufr Kkr dhft, %
o"kZ : 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
ewY; : 464 515 518 467 502 540 557 571 586 612
6. pkj&o"khZ; py ekè; osQ vk/kj ij miufr dh tkudkjh dhft,μ
o"kZ% 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
ewY; : 15 16 17 17 16 18 19 20 19 20 21 21
25-5 lkjka'k (Summary)
• py&ekè; dky&Js.kh osQ leadksa osQ ^fof'k"V* lekUrj ekè; gksrs gSaA py ekè; vkSj lekUrj ekè; esa
eq[; vUrj ;g gS fd lekUrj ekè; iwjs le; osQ fy, ,d&gh gksrk gS tcfd py&ekè; vusd gksrs gSaA
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