Page 63 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZμ5 % ekè;] ekfè;dk rFkk cgqyd osQ vuqiz;ksx

5-1 lekUrj ekè; osQ vuqiz;ksx (Application of Mean) uksV

lekUrj ekè; lcls vf/d izpfyr ekè; gS ftldk iz;ksx lkekU;r% izR;sd O;fDr }kjk nSfud thou esa fd;k
tkrk gSA ¶lekUrj ekè; og ewY; gS tks fdlh Js.kh osQ lHkh inksa osQ ewY;ksa osQ ;ksX; esa mu inksa dh la[;k ls
Hkkx nsus ij izkIr gksrk gSA¸ izks- fey ds vuqlkj ¶lekUrj ekè; fdlh forj.k dk lekrksyu dsUnz gSA¸ izks- fey
ds vuqlkj ¶lekUrj ekè; fdlh forj.k dk lekrksyu osQUnz gSA¸ lekUrj ekè; ;k eè;d fudkyus dh nks
jhfr;k¡ gSaμ izR;{k jhfr rFkk y?kq jhfrA uhps ge bu nksuksa jhfr;ksa dk rhuksa izdkj dh Jsf.k;ksa esa vyx&vyx
vè;;u djsaxsA
(A) O;fDrxr Js.kh esa eè;d dk vkx.ku (Individual Series)

(1) izR;{k jhfr (Direct Method)μ (i) loZizFke Js.kh osQ lHkh ewY;ksa dk ;ksx (total) fd;k tkrk gSA (ii)
fiQj] bl ;ksx dks inksa dh la[;k ls Hkkx ns fn;k tkrk gSA gk¡! bl jhfr dk iz;ksx rHkh djuk pkfg;s tc
pj&ewY;kssa dh la[;k de gks rFkk os n'keyo esa u gksaA

lw=k%
X = lekUrj ekè;
Σ =X in&eY;kas dk tkMs+
w
or N = inksa dh l[a;k

(2) y?kq jhfr (Short-cut Method)— bldh izfØ;k fuEu gSμ
(i) loZizFke fn;s gq, ewY;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ewY; dks dfYir ekè; (assumed mean) eku fy;k tkrk gSA oSls
dfYir&ekè; Js.kh ls ckgj dk Hkh dksbZ ewY; ekuk tk ldrk gSA fdarq lqfo/k dh n`f"V ls dfYir ekè; lnSo
Js.kh osQ ewY;ksa esa ls gh dksbZ ,d gksuk pkfg;s rFkk og u lcls NksVk vkSj u lcls cM+k cfYd eè;&ewY;
(middle-value) gksuk pkfg,A
(ii) Js.kh osQ izR;sd O;fDrxr ewY; (X) esa ls dfYir&ekè; (A) dks ?kVkdj] fopyu izkIr fd;s tkrs gSa vFkkZr~
dx = X – A.

(iii) fopyuksa dk ;ksx izkIr dj fy;k tkrk gS% Σdx ;k Σ(X–A)-
(iv) vUr esa fuEu lw=k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSμ

mnkgj.k (Illustration) 1: fuEu leadksa dk lekUrj ekè; Kkr dhft,μ
Øekad% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
in&ewY;% 96 180 98 75 270 80 102 100 94 75 200 610

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 57