Page 58 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV Js.kh esa cgqyd oxZ ,oa mlosQ igys o ckn osQ ,d oxZ dh vko`fÙk osQ vk/kj ij gh cgqyd Kkr
dj ldrs gSaA
6. loksZÙke izfrfuf/Ro (Optimum Representative)μcgqyd Js.kh dk og ewY; gS tks lcls vf/d
ckj ik;k tkrk gS vr% og lewg dk loksZÙke izfrfuf/Ro djus okyk ekè; ekuk tkrk gSA bldk ewY;
Hkh lewg esa fn;s x;s ewY;ksa esa ls ,d gksrk gSA

cgqyd osQ nks"k (Demerits of Mode)
cgqyd osQ fuEufyf[r nks"k gSaμ
1. vLi"V vfuf'pr o vfu/kZfjr (Undefined, indefinite and indeterminate)μcgqyd lcls

vf/d vLi"V ,oa vfuf'pr ekè; gSA Js.kh dh lHkh vko`fÙk;k¡ leku gksus ij cgqyd fu/kZj.k ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA dHkh&dHkh ,d lewg esa nks ;k nks ls vf/d cgqyd Hkh gks ldrs gSaA
2. pje ewY;ksa dh mis{kk (Neglect of Extreme Values)μcgqyd lhekUr inksa dks dksbZ egRo ugha nsrk
tksfd xf.krh; n`f"V ls vuqfpr gSA
3. chtxf.krh; foospu dk vHkko (Lack of Mathematical treatment)μcgqyd esa lHkh in ewY;ksa
osQ 'kkfey u gksus osQ dkj.k bldk chtxf.krh; foospu lEHko ugha gS blh otg ls bldk vU;
lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa esa de iz;ksx gksrk gSA
4. oqQy ewY; Kkr u gksukμ;fn cgqyd ewY; ,oa inksa dh la[;k Kkr gks rks mudks xq.kk djosQ lewg osQ
lc ewY;ksa dk tksM+ Kkr ugha gks ldrkA
5. vokLrfod vkSj vizfrfuf/d (Illusory and Unrepresentative)μcgqyd dHkh&dHkh lead Js.kh
dk lgh izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn 1,000 O;fDr;ksa esa ls 10 O;fDr;ksa dh vk; 100

#i;s gS rFkk ckdh lHkh dh vk; 100 #- ls de gS rks cgqyd vk; 100 #- gksxh tksfd lewg dk lgh
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrh gSA vr% oqQN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cgqyd ls HkzekRed fu"d"kZ izkIr gksrs gSaA
6. oxZ&foLrkj dk izHkkoμcgqyd ewY; oxZ&foLrkj ij Hkh fuHkZj gksrk gSA oxkZUrjksa osQ foLrkj esa ifjorZu
gksus ij og Hkh fHkUu gks tkrk gSaA

cgqyd esa vkn'kZ ekè; osQ vko';d xq.kksa dk vHkko gksrk gSA blesa dbZ nks"k gSa
ijUrq blosQ ckotwn ;g ,d vR;f/d fo"ke caVu ;k xSj&izlkekU; caVu dh fLFkfr
esa osQUnzh; izo`fÙk dh vFkZiw.kZ eki gS tks vf/dre laosQUnz.k osQ fcUnq dks fpfÉr
djrk gSA

4-3 eè;dk vkSj muds xq.k (Median and their Properties)

cgqyd dh rjg eè;dk Hkh ,d fLFkrh; ekè; gSA fdlh lead Js.kh dks vkjksgh ;k vojksgh Øe esa O;ofLFkr
djus ij ml Js.kh osQ eè; esa tks ewY; vkrk gS] ogh eè;dk (median) dgykrk gSA vr% ;g ,d Øec¼
leadekyk dk osQUnzh; ;k eè; ewY; gksrk gSA
dkSuj osQ vuqlkj] ¶eè;dk lead Js.kh dk og pj&ewY; gS tks lewg dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa bl izdkj ck¡Vrk
gS fd ,d Hkkx esa lHkh ewY; ls vf/d ,oa nwljs Hkkx esa lHkh ewY; mlls de gksaA¸

vFkkZr~ eè;dk og osQUnzh; ewY; gS tks Øec¼ leadekyk dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrk gSA

52 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY