Page 55 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—4% osQUnzh; izo`fÙk% ekè;] ekfè;dk vkSj cgqyd ,oa muosQ xq.k

esa ewY;ksa osQ teko dh tkudkjh nsrk gSA bl n`f"V ls bls osQUnzh; izo`fÙk dh eki Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd uksV
O;fDrxr pj&ewY;ksa dk teko vf/drj mlosQ vkl&ikl gh gksrk gSA ekè; dh oqQN ifjHkk"kk,¡ fuEu izdkj gSaμ
flEilu ,oa dkidk osQ vuqlkj] ¶osQUnzh; izo`fÙk dh eki ,d ,slk izfr:ih ewY; gS ftlosQ pkjksa vksj la[;k,¡
leosQfUnzr gksrh gSaA¸
;k&yqu pkÅ (Ya-lun Chou) osQ vuqlkj] ¶ekè; bl vFkZ esa ,d fof'k"V ewY; gS ftls dHkh&dHkh ,d
leadekyk ;k ,d pj osQ lHkh O;fDrxr ewY;ksa dk izfrfuf/Ro djus osQ fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA¸

DykoZQ osQ vuqlkj] ¶ekè; leadksa osQ lEiw.kZ lewg dk o.kZu djus gsrq] dksbZ vosQyk vad izkIr djus dk iz;kl gSA¸
ØkWolVu ,oa dkmMsu osQ vuqlkj] ¶ekè;&leadksa osQ foLrkj osQ vUrxZr fLFkr ,d ,slk ewY; gS ftldk
iz;ksxf=k.kh osQ lHkh ewY;ksa dk izfrfuf/Ro djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA pw¡fd ekè; leadksa osQ foLrkj osQ vUrxZr
gh dgha gksrk gS blfy, bls osQUnzh; ewY; dk eki Hkh dgk tkrk gSA¸
(1) A measure of central tendency is a typical value around which after figures congregate. —
Simpson and Kafka
(2) An average is a typical value in the sense that is sometimes employed to represent all the
individual value in a series or of a variable.
(3) Average is an attempt to find one single figure to describe whole groups of figures.
(4) An average is a single value which the range of the data that is used to represent all of the values
in the series. Since an average in somewhere within the range of the data. It is sometimes called a
measure of central value.
bu lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa ls lkjka'k fudyrk gS fd dksbZ ,slh vosQyh la[;k] tks Js.kh osQ lHkh leadksa dk izfrfufèkRo
djrh gS] ekè; dgykrh gSA ekè; esa os lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSa tks Js.kh osQ vU; ewY;ksa esa ikbzZ tkrh gSaA bls fofHkUu
ukeksa ls Hkh iqdkjk tkrk gS_ tSlsμosQUnzh; izo`fÙk dk eki] lkaf[;dh; ekè;] izfr:ih ;k izfrfuf/d ewY;] lkjka'k
vad bR;kfnA ekè;ksa dks izk;% mlh bdkbZ esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa izkjfEHkd lead lax`ghr gksrs gSaA

ekè; lEiw.kZ caVu dh vfHkO;fDr dk ,dek=k lkFkZd izfrfuf/d ewY; gSA ;g ,d ,slk ljy
o laf{kIr vad gS tks leadekyk osQ izeq[k y{k.kksa dk lkjka'k :i O;Dr djrk gSA

ekè; dk egRo (Importance of Mean)

lkaf[;dh esa ekè;ksa dk vHkwriwoZ egRo gSA lkaf[;dh esa ekè;e gh loksZifj gS D;ksafd lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dh
vU; dbZ jhfr;k¡ bl ij vk/kfjr gSaA MkW- ckmys us lkaf[;dh dks ekè;ksa dk foKku (Science of average) dgk
gSA ekè; dks lkaf[;dh; foKku dk izos'k }kj (Gateway of Statistics) Hkh dgrs gSaA ekè;ksa dh enn ls
leadekyk osQ lHkh ewY;ksa dk lkj izdV fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd lkaf[;dh esa O;fDrxr bdkb;ksa dk vyx&vyx
dksbZ egRo ugha gSA ekè;ksa osQ }kjk leadksa dh ikjLifjd rqyuk vklku gks tkrh gS vkSj lHkh bdkb;ksa osQ lkewfgd
y{k.k Li"V gks tkrs gSaA vkSlr vk;q] vk;] ewY;] O;;] Å¡pkbZ] mRiknu] ykxr] etnwjh vkfn vusd vè;;u
fo"k; gekjh izfrfnu dh fnup;kZ esa 'kkfey gSa tks ekè;ksa }kjk Kkr fd;s tkrs gSaA

lkaf[;dh foKku dk izos'k }kj fdls dgrs gSa\

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 49