Page 59 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—4% osQUnzh; izo`fÙk% ekè;] ekfè;dk vkSj cgqyd ,oa muosQ xq.k

gksjsl lsØkbLV (Horace Secrist) osQ vuqlkj] ¶tc ,d Js.kh Øekuqlkj foU;kflr gks rks eè;dk Js.kh dk og uksV
okLrfod ;k vuqekfur in&ewY; gS tks caVu dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vrk gSA¸
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn 7 Nk=kksa osQ izkIrkad 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 gksa rks mudh eè;dk 7 gksxh D;ksafd ;g pkSFks Øe
dk vad gS tks fcYoqQy eè; esa fLFkr gS rFkk blosQ igys osQ vad (3, 4, 5) eè;dk ls NksVs ,oa ckn osQ vad
(8, 9, 10) eè;dk ls cM+s gSaA
eè;dk osQ xq.k (Properties of Median)
eè;dk osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk vFkok xq.k gSaμ
1. ljy ,oa cqf¼xE; (Easy and Intelligible)μeè;dk dks le>uk ,oa Kkr djuk cgqr ljy gSA
bldh xBu fØ;k Hkh dkiQh ljy gS tks vklkuh ls le> esa vkrh gSA
2. Li"V ,oa fLFkj :i ls ifjHkkf"kr (Clearly and Rigidly defined)μeè;dk ,d Li"Vr% ifjHkkf"kr

ekè; gSA ;g vkn'kZ ekè; dh 'krZ iwjh djrk gSA
3. fujh{k.k }kjk fu/kZj.k (Location by Inspection)μblosQ ewY; dk fu/kZj.k izR;sd Js.kh esa fuf'prrk
osQ lkFk dj ldrs gSaA
4. pje ewY;ksa dk U;wure izHkko (Least affected by Extreme items)μeè;dk ij pje ewY;ksa ;k
lhekUr inksa dk dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk D;ksafd ;g fLFkrh; ekè; gSA lhekar ewY;ksa osQ fcuk osQoy Js.kh
osQ eè; osQ ewY;kas }kjk Hkh bls Kkr dj ldrs gSaA
5. ifjdyu dh fuf'prrk (Certainty of Computation)μeè;dk dk fu/kZj.k lHkh izdkj dh Jsf.k;ksa_
tSlsμvleku oxkZUrj] [kqys fljs okys oxkZUrj] vkfn esa Hkh fuf'prrk osQ lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn
pje ewY; u Kkr gks ysfdu inksa dh la[;k Kkr gks rks Hkh eè;dk Kkr dj ldrs gSaA
6. xq.kkRed rF;ksa esa mi;qDr (More suitable for Qualitative Phenomena)μ,sls rF; ftudh izR;{k
eki lEHko ugha gksrh_ tSlsμckSf¼d Lrj] LokLF;] nfjnzrk] vehjh vkfn osQ fy, ;g loksZÙke gksrh gSA
7. fcUnqjs[kh; jhfr }kjk fu/kZj.k (Location by Graphic Method)μfcUnqjs[kh; jhfr }kjk Hkh eè;dk
dk fu/kZj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
eè;dk osQ nks"k (Demerits of Median) –

eè;dk esa fuEufyf[kr dfe;k¡ gSaμ
1. fu/kzj.k lEcU/h dfBukb;k¡ (Computational Difficulties)μeè;dk ewY; dks fu/kZfjr djus ls
igys inksa dks vkjksgh ;k vojksgh Øe esa foU;kflr djuk iM+rk gSA O;fDrxr bdkb;ksa osQ le gksus ij
nks osQUnzh; ewY;ksa osQ vkSlr dks gh eè;dk eku fy;k tkrk gS tksfd okLrfod ugha gksrk gSA
2. chth; foospu dk vHkko (Lack of Algebraic Treatment)μeè;dk esa chtxf.krh; xq.kksa dk
vHkko gksrk gS ftlosQ dkj.k bls mPp lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa esa iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA eè;dk ewY; dks
vko`fÙk;ksa ls xq.kk djus ij in&ewY;ksa dk oqQy ;ksx Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
3. lhekUr ewY;ksa dh mis{kk (Neglect of Extreme Values)μeè;dk pje ewY;ksa ls izHkkfor ugha gksrkA
vr% tgk¡ bu ewY;ksa dks egRo nsuk gks] ogk¡ ;g eè;dk vuqi;qDr gSA
4. vizfrfuf/d (Unrepresentative)μeè;dk ,sls lewgksa dh osQUnzh; izo`fÙk dk ;Fkksfpr :i ls
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrk ftuesa fofHkUu inksa osQ ewY;ksa esa dkiQh vUrj gksrk gS ;k vko`fÙk;k¡ vfu;fer
gksrh gSaA
5. izfrp;u mPpkopuksa ls izHkkfor gksuk (Affected by Fluctuations of sampling)μeè;dk dk
izfrp;u osQ ifjorZuksa dk izHkko lekUrj ekè; dh rqyuk esa T;knk gksrk gSA

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