Page 57 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—4% osQUnzh; izo`fÙk% ekè;] ekfè;dk vkSj cgqyd ,oa muosQ xq.k

lkaf[;dh; fl¼kUr esa mldk vuqiz;ksx lhfer cuk jgsxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,μ;fn fofHkUu lewgksa osQ uksV
ekè; ewY; vkSj vko`fÙk;k¡ Kkr gSa rks muls mu lewgksa dk lewfgr ekè; Hkh fu/kZfjr gks tkuk pkfg,A
7. pje ewY;ksa dk U;wure izHkko (Least affect of extreme observation)μbldk vk'k; leadekyk osQ
vR;f/d NksVs ,oa vR;f/d cM+s ewY;ksa ls gSA bu pje ewY;ksa ls ,d vkn'kZ ekè; dks izHkkfor ugha
gksuk pkfg,A

4-2 cgqyd vkSj muds xq.k (Mode and their Properties)

‘Mode’ 'kCn izsaQp Hkk"kk osQ ‘La mode’ ls mRiUu gqvk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] iSQ'ku ;k fjokt vFkkZr~ tks vfèkd
izpfyr gksA lkaf[;dh esa cgqyd ml ewY; dks dgrs gSa tks leadekyk esa lcls vf/d ckj vkrk gks vFkkZr~
ftldh vko`fÙk lcls vf/d gksA cgqyd lokZf/d ?kuRo dh fLFkfr (Position of greatest density) ;k ewY;ksa
osQ vf/dre laosQUnz.k dk fcUnq (point of highest concentration of values) ;k lokZf/d vko`fÙk okys in
dk ewY; dgykrk gSA blhfy, bls fLFkfr lEcU/h ekè; dgrs gSaA
ØkWDlVu ,oa dkmMsu osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d lead caVu dk cgqyd og ewY; gS ftlosQ fudV Js.kh dh bdkb;k¡
vf/d&ls&vf/d osQfUnzr gksrh gSa mls ewY;ksa dh Js.kh dk lcls vf/d izfr:ih ewY; ekuk tk ldrk gSA
fttsd osQ vuqlkj] ¶cgqyd og ewY; gS tks lewg esa lcls vf/d ckj vkrk gS vkSj ftlosQ pkjksa vksj lcls
vf/d ?kuRo okys inksa dk teko jgrk gSA¸
oSQuh ,oa dh¯ix osQ vuqlkj] ¶cgqyd og ewY; gS tks J.kh esa lcls vf/d ckj vkrk gks vFkkZr~ ftldh
lokZfèkd iqujko`fÙk gksA¸

izks- VqVys osQ vuqlkj] ¶cgqyd og ewY; gS ftlosQ ,dne vkl&ikl vko`fÙk ?kuRo vf/dre gksrk gSA¸
y,μ;fn ,d fo|ky; osQ Nk=kksa dk cgqyd O;; 200 #i;s izfrekg gS rks bldk rkRi;Z gS fd mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa
esa ls vf/drj dk ekfld O;; 200 #- gSA blh izdkj cgqyd ykHk (modal profits), cgqyd etnwjh (modal

wages), twrs dk cgqyd vkdkj (Modal size of shoes) vkfn dk rkRi;Z bu ?kVukvksa ls lEcfU/r vf/dre
bdkb;ksa osQ ewY;ksa ls gSA
cgqyd osQ xq.k (Properties of Mode)

cgqyd osQ fuEufyf[r xq.k gSaμ
1. ljyrk ,oa cqf¼xE;μcgqyd dk lcls cM+k ykHk bldh ljyrk gSA cgqyd vf/drj fujh{k.k ls
gh Kkr gks tkrk gSA lrr~ Js.kh esa Hkh ljy x.kuk }kjk gh bldk fu/kZj.k gks tkrk gSA ;g le>us esa
Hkh cgqr vklku gksrk gSA
2. yksdfiz;rk (Commonly used)μcgqyd ,d ,slk ekè; gS ftls nSfud thou esa dkiQh iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS_ tSlsμflys&flyk;s diM+s] twrs] nSfud iz;ksx dh oLrqvksa vkfn osQ vkSlr vkdkj ls gekjk
vk'k; cgqyd vkdkj (Modal size) ls gksrk gSA
3. pje ewY;ksa dk U;wure izHkko (Least affected by extreme values)μcgqyd ij Js.kh osQ pje
ewY;ksa ;k lhekUr bdkb;ksa dk dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA fu;fer vko`fÙk caVu esa vf/dre vko`fÙk
laosQUnz.k izk;% Js.kh osQ eè; esa gksrh gS u fd pje lhekvksa osQ vkl&iklA
4. fcUnqjs[kh; fu/kZj.k (Graphically Determined)μcgqyd dk fu/kZj.k fcUnqjs[kh; jhfr }kjk Hkh

vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5. Js.kh osQ lHkh ewY;ksa dh tkudkjh vko';d ugha (Not necessary to know all the values of a

series)μcgqyd fu/kZj.k osQ fy, Js.kh osQ lHkh in ewY;ksa dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA ,d fu;fer

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