Page 52 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV 4. jpuk osQ vk/kj ij lkj.kh rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSA
5. f}xq.k lkj.kh mls dgrs gSa ftlesa leadksa dh osQoy nks fo'ks"krkvksa dk lekos'k fd;k tkrk gSA

3-11 lkjka'k (Summary)

• oxhZdj.k og izfØ;k gS ftlesa ,df=kr leadksa dks mudh fofoèk fo'ks"krkvksa ,oa xq.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij

vyx&vyx oxks± esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSA
• oxhZdj.k osQ vUrxZr ladfyr leadksa dks fofHkUu oxks± esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSA oxks± dk fuèkkZj.k tk¡p osQ mís';]

{ks=k ,oa Lo:i ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
• oxhZdj.k dh fØ;k] lkj.kh;u rFkk lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dh vU; fØ;kvksa osQ fy;s vkèkkj izLrqr djrh
gSA fcuk oxhZdj.k osQ lkj.kh;u vlEHko gS vkSj lkj.kh;u osQ vHkko esa lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k
vO;ogkfjd gSA
• oxhZdj.k] leadksa osQ fo'ys"k.k dh ,d egRoiw.kZ rduhd gSa fdUrq blosQ fy;s dksbZ fuf'pr o dBksj
fu;e fuèkkZfjr ugha fd;s tk ldrs D;ksafd fdlh Hkh lkaf[;dh; vuqlUèkku esa leadksa dk oxhZdj.k
eq[;r% leadksa osQ Lo:i vkSj tk¡p osQ mís'; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
• ewY;ksa ;k oxks± vkSj mudh vko`fÙk;ksa osQ Øec¼ foU;kl dks gh vko`fÙk caVu dgrs gSaA Li"V gS fd

vko`fÙk forj.k dh jpuk osQ fy, nks rRo vko';d gSμ(i) pj rFkk (ii) vko`fÙkA
• vko`fÙk&forj.k] [kf.Mr ,oa v[kf.Mr pjksa dk lqcksèk ,oa laf{kir :i esa izLrqrhdj.k gSA bl n`f"V ls
vko`fÙk&forj.k dh jpuk Hkh fuEu nks :iksa esa dh tkrh gSμ(i) [kf.Mr vko`fÙk forj.k rFkk (ii)

v[kf.Mr vko`fÙk forj.kA
3-12 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

• viothZ (Exclusive)μfof'k"V] O;korZdA

• vijLijO;kih (non-overlapping)μxSj&vfr O;fDr xSj ijLij O;kihA
• lekos'kh (Anglusive)μlfEefyr] lekos'kA

3-13 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

1. oxhZdj.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft, rFkk mlosQ mís'; ,oa fofHkUu izdkjksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

2. vkn'kZ oxhZdj.k osQ vko';d rRo crkb,A
3. oxhZdj.k vkSj lkj.kh;u dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k esa mudk egRo crkb,A
oxhZdj.k ,oa lkj.kh;u esa varj Li"V dhft,A
4. lkj.kh;u dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk lkj.kh;u osQ mís';ksa ,oa jhfr;ksa dks le>kb,A
5. lkj.kh osQ dkSu&dkSu ls vax gSa\ lkj.kh rS;kj djrs le; fdu&fdu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,\
6. fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,μ

(i) vko`fÙk caVu (ii) lap;h vko`fÙk Ük`a[kyk
(iii) viothZ rFkk lekos'kh oxkZUrjA

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