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bdkbZ—3% vk¡dM+ksa dk oxhZdj.k ,oa lkj.kh;u % vko`fÙk ,oa lap;h vko`fÙk forj.k




            ,d Øec¼ O;oLFkk gSA¸                                                                      uksV
            izks- dkSuj osQ erkuqlkj] ¶lkj.kh;u fdlh fopkjkèkhu leL;k dks Li"V djus osQ mís'; ls fd;k tkus okyk
            lkaf[;dh; rF;ksa dk Øec¼ ,oa lqO;ofLFkr izLrqrhdj.k gSA¸
            mís'; (Objects)μlkj.kh;u osQ rhu mís'; gSaμ(i) leadksa dks O;ofLFkr :i ls izLrqr djuk (ii) vkadM+ksa dks
            laf{kIr <ax ls izdV djuk] rFkk (iii) leL;k dks vfèkd ljy o Li"V cukukA
            lkj.kh;u dk egRo ;k ykHk (Importance)
             (1)  ljyrkμlkj.kh;u ls leadksa dh tfVyrk lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj iQyLo:i vko';d lwpuk;sa tYnh

                  rFkk vklkuh ls le> esa vk tkrh gSaA
             (2)  LFkku o le; dh cprμlj.kh;u }kjk fo'kky rF;ksa dks FkksM+s o laf{kIr :i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk

                  gS] ftlls le; rFkk LFkku dh cpr gksrh gSA
             (3)  rqyukRed vè;;u dh lqfoèkkμlkj.kh;u&fØ;k rqyukRed vè;;u dks lEHko cukrh gS D;ksafd blesa
                  leku o rqyuk&;ksX; leadksa dks ijLij fudVorhZ [kkuksa esa j[kk tkrk gSA
             (4)  vkd"kZd izn'kZuμlkj.kh;u osQ iQyLo:i uhjl vk¡dM+s Hkh vkd"kZd yxus yxrs gSaA
             (5)  lkaf[;dh foospu esa lgk;dμlkj.khc¼ leadksa dk lkaf[;dh; foospu tSls ekè;] vifdj.k]
                  fo"kerk] lg&lEcUèk vkfn vklkuh ls Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

            3-8 lkj.kh;u o oxhZdj.k esa vUrj (Distinction Between Classification and
                Tabulation)


            oxhZdj.k rFkk lkj.kh;u esa dkiQh vUrj gSA izFke] lkj.kh;u leadksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ ckn dh ,d fLFkfr gSA
            loZizFke vk¡dM+ksa dks oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk gS] rRi'pkr~ mUgsa fofHkUu lkjf.k;ksa esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj
            oxhZdj.k] lkj.kh;u dk vkèkkj gSA f}rh;] oxhZdj.k esa ladfyr leadksa dks muosQ leku o vleku xq.kksa osQ
            vkèkkj ij fofHkUu oxks± (classes) ;k Jsf.k;ksa (series) esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS tcfd lkj.kh;u esa mUgha oxhZÑr rF;ksa
            dks [kkuksa vkSj iafDr;ksa esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA bl n`f"V ls lkj.kh;u oxhZdj.k dk ,d ;U=kkRed igyw
            (mechanical aspect) gSA r`rh;] oxhZdj.k lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dh ,d fofèk gS tcfd lkj.kh;u leadksa osQ
            izLrqrhdj.k dh ,d izfØ;k gSA





                              oxhZdj.k osQ vUrxZr leadksa dks oxks± o mioxks± esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS tcfd lkj.kh;u
                              esa mUgsa 'kh"kZd o mi'kh"kZdksa esa jD[kk tkrk gSA

            3-9 lkj.kh osQ izeq[k vax (Main Parts of Table)


             (1)  'kh"kZd (Title)μizR;sd lkj.kh dk ,d laf{kIr] Li"V ,oa iw.kZ 'kh"kZd gksuk pkfg;s rkfd leadksa dh ,d
                  gh n`f"V esa tkudkjh gks losQA
             (2)  [kkus dh iafDr;k¡ (Columns and Rows)μ[kkuksa o iafDr;ksa dh la[;k lkj.kh;u osQ mís'; ,oa izLrqr
                  lkexzh osQ vkdkj dks è;ku esa j[kdj igys gh fuf'pr dj ysuh pkfg;sA è;ku jgs] [kkuksa dh la[;k
                  vfèkd gksus ls leL;k tfVy o vLi"V gks ldrh gSA izR;sd [kkus dk mi'kh"kZd (capction) nsuk
                  vko';d gSA mi'kh"kZd ;FkklEHko laf{kIr gksuk pkfg, vkSj izR;sd [kkus ij Øe la[;k fy[k nsuh
                  pkfg;sA

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