Page 43 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI
P. 43
bdkbZ—3% vk¡dM+ksa dk oxhZdj.k ,oa lkj.kh;u % vko`fÙk ,oa lap;h vko`fÙk forj.k
uksV
uksVμ;fn ijh{kd }kjk izFke oxkZUrj 0–10 ysus dk funsZ'k u fn;k gksrk] rc izFke oxkZUrj 10–20 gksxk D;ksafd
0–10 osQ chp dk dksbZ in&ewY; ugha gSA
lrr pj fdls dgrs gSa\
lrr vko`fÙk caVu ls lEcfUèkr vkidh oqQN 'kadk;sa o muosQ lekèkkuμmijksDr vko`fÙk rkfydk dks ns[kus
osQ ckn fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ eu esa vusd izdkj dh 'kadk;sa ;k iz'u mB ldrs gSaA tSls oxks± dh la[;k fdruh gksuh
pkfg;s\ vFkok ;gk¡ 9 oxZ&gh D;ksa cuk;s x;s gSa\ oxks± dk foLrkj D;k j[kk tk;s\ vFkok ;gk¡ oxZ&foLrkj 10
gh D;ksa j[kk x;k gS] 15 ;k 20 D;kas ugha j[kk x;k gS\ fiQj] 30 in dks rhljs oxZ (20–30) esa D;ksa ugha j[kk
x;k] 30–40 esa gh D;ksa j[kk x;k gS\ tc laed ekyk dk vfèkdre ewY; 82 gS rc oxZ 90 rd D;ksa cuk;s
x;s gSa\ bR;kfn&bR;kfnA bu lHkh iz'uksa dk mÙkj ge blh vè;k; esa FkksM+k vkxs pydj lfoLrkj :i esa nsaxsA
oxkZUrjksa osQ vuqlkj oxhZdj.k dh jhfr;k¡ (Methods of Classification According to Class
Intervals)μoxkZUrjksa osQ vuqlkj leadksa osQ oxhzdj.k dh fuEu nks jhfr;k¡ gSaμ(i) viothZ jhfr (exclusive
metod) rFkk (ii) lekos'kh jhfr (inclusive method)A
(i) viothZ jhfr (Exclusive Method)μoxkZUrj&jpuk dh bl jhfr esa ,d oxZ dh ^Åijh lhek* (Upper
limit) mlls vxysoxZ dh ^fupyh lhek* (Lower limit) osQ cjkcj (equal) gksrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ,d oxZ
dh Åijh lhek] mlls vxys oxZ dh fupyh lhek gksrh gSA uhps mnkgj.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd izR;sd oxZ dh
Åijh lhek] mlls vxys oxZ dh fupyh lhek osQ ckcj gSA bldks viothZ blfy;s dgk tkrk gS fd ;fn dksbZ
in (item) fdlh oxZ dh Åijh lhek osQ cjkcj gS rks og in ml oxZ esa lfEefyr u gksdj] mlls vxys oxZ
esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA tSls 20 vad izkIr djus okys fo|kFkhZ dks 10-20 oxZ osQ ctk;] 20-30 oxZ esa 'kkfey
fd;k tk;sxk D;ksafd 10-20 oxkZUrj] 10 ls ysdj ijUrq 20 ls de ewY; osQ inksa dk lekos'k vius vUnj djrk
gSA viothZ jhfr dh ekU;rk ;g gS fd fdlh oxZ dh ^fupyh lhek* osQ cjkcj okyk in&ewY; mlh oxZ esa
'kkfey gksrk gS tcfd ^Åijh lhek* osQ cjkcj okyk in&ewY; ml oxZ ls ckgj gks tkrk gSA ;g mYys[kuh;
gS fd oxkZUrjksa dks viothZ jhfr osQ vuqlkj O;Dr djus dk vPNk rjhdk uhps fLFkfr&II osQ vuqlkj gSμ
I II izkIrkad
Marks Marks
10–20 10 but under 20 10 ijUrq 20 ls de
20–30 20 ,, ,, 30 20 ,, 30 ,, ,,
30–40 or 30 ,, ,, 40 or 30 ,, 40 ,, ,,
40–50 40 ,, ,, 50 40 ,, 50 ,, ,,
50–60 50 ,, ,, 60 50 ,, 60 ,, ,,
(ii) lekos'kh jhfr (Inclusive Method)μlekos'kh oxZ osQ gksrs gSa ftuesa] mudh fupyh rFkk Åijh nksuksa
lhekvksa dk lekos'k gksrk gSA bl izdkj viothZ oxhZdj.k osQ foijhr] lekos'kh oxhZdj.k esa fdlh oxZ dh Åijh
lhek osQ cjkcj dk in&ewY; Hkh mlh oxZ esa 'kkfey gks tkrk gSA i`"B 107 ij fn;s mnkgj.k dh fLFkfr&I esa]
igys oxZ (10-19) esa mldh nksuksa lhek,¡ 10 rFkk 19 'kkfey gSaA lekos'kh oxks± dks fLFkfr&II osQ vuqlkj Hkh
O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSa lekos'kh oxhZdj.k dh igpku ;g gS fd (i) ,d oxZ dh Åijh lhek vkSj mlls
vxys oxZ dh fupyh lhek cjkcj ugha gksrh] vkSj (ii) muesa vfèkdre vUrj 1 dk gksrk gSA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 37
