Page 38 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI
P. 38

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡




                    uksV          fiQj] ,d vkn'kZ oxhZdj.k osQ fy;s ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd mlesa ¶vo'ks"k oxZ¸ (residual class) tSls
                                  ^vU;* ;k ^fofoèk* u rS;kj fd;s tk;sa D;ksafd ,sls oxZ leadksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks iwjh rjg ls Li"V ugha dj
                                  ikrsA gk¡! ;fn oxks± dh la[;k cgqr vfèkd gS rks fiQj vo'ks"k oxZ rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gS vU;Fkk oxhZdj.k
                                  dk mís'; (vFkkZr~ leadksa dk laf{kIrhdu.k) iwjk u gks ik;sxkA
                                  (3)  ijLij viothZ  (Mutually Exclusive)μfofHkUu oxZ ijLij viothZ vFkok vijLijO;kih  (non-
                                  overlapping) gksus pkfg;sa rkfd ,d bdkbZ] osQoy gh oxZ&fo'ks"k esa 'kkfey gksA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn dkfyt osQ
                                  fo|k£Fk;ksa dks ¯yx osQ vkèkkj ij ^iq#"k* rFkk ^fL=k;ksa* esa ck¡Vk x;k gS rks;s nksuksa oxZ ijLij viothZ gSaA ijUrq
                                  ;fn blh lewg dks ^iq#"k* ^fL=k;k¡* vkSj ^u'khyh oLrq osQ vknh* oxks± esa ck¡Vk tk;s rks ;g oxhZdj.k =kqfViw.kZ gksxk
                                  D;ksafd ^u'khyh oLrq osQ vknh* oxZ esa iq#"k rFkk L=kh] nksuksa gh 'kkfey gSaA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mfpr ;g gksxk
                                  fd oxhZdj.k nks ekun.Mksa (criteria) osQ vkèkkj ij rS;kj fd;k tk;sA tsls igyk iq#"k rFkk L=kh] vkSj nwljk bu
                                  nksuksa oxks± osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa dks iqu% u'khyh oLrq osQ vknh rFkk xSj&vknh (non-addicts) esa ck¡Vk tk,A
                                  (4) fLFkjrk (Stability)μifj.kkeksa dh vFkZiw.kZ rqyuk osQ fy;s oxhZdj.k esa fLFkjrk dk gksuk vko';d gSA nwljs 'kCnksa
                                  esa] iwjs tk¡p dk;Z osQ nkSjku vkSj mlh fo"k; dh izR;sd vxyh tk¡p esa] oxhZdj.k dk ,d gh <kapk (vkèkkj) jguk
                                  pkfg;s vU;Fkk vk¡dM+s rqyuk&;ksX; ugha jgrsA mnkgj.kkFkZ] Hkkjr dh fiNyh rhu tux.kukvksa esa tula[;k dk
                                  is'ksokj oxhZdj.k fHkUu&fHkUu vkèkkjksa ij fd;k x;k gS ftlosQ dkj.k ;s lead rqyuk osQ ;ksX; ugha gSaA
                                  (5) vuqowQyrk ;k mi;qDrrk (Suitability)μoxks± dh jpuk vuqlUèkku osQ mís'; osQ vuqowQy gksuh pkfg;sA
                                  mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn ge mPp f'k{kk vkSj ¯yx esa lEcUèk dk vè;;u djuk pkgrs gSa rks fo|k£Fk;ksa dk vk;q vkSj
                                  èkeZ osQ vuqlkj oxhZdj.k fujFkZd gksxkA blh izdkj vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr dk irk yxkus osQ fy;s
                                  mudh vk;q rFkk oSokfgd fLFkfr osQ vuqlkj oxhZdj.k djuk O;FkZ gksxkA ,slh fLFkfr esa ^vk;* osQ vkèkkj ij
                                  oxks± dh jpuk dh tkuh pkfg;sA
                                  (6) ypu'khyrk (Flexibilty)μ,d mÙke oxhZdj.k esa ypu'khyrk dk xq.k gksuk Hkh t:jh gSA ypu'khyrk ls
                                  vk'k; ;g gS fd ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ rn~u:i fofHkUu oxks± esa la'kksèku ;k lek;kstu fd;k tk losQA dksbZ Hkh
                                  oxhZdj.k ges'kk osQ fy, mi;qDr ugha gksrk D;ksafd le; osQ lkFk&lkFk ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu gksrk jgrk gSA
                                  mYys[kuh; ;g gS fd ;gk¡ ypu'khyrk dk vFkZ oxhZdj.k dh vfLFkjrk (instability) ls u yxkdj] oxks± esa
                                  la'kksèku dh lEHkkouk ls yxk;k tkuk pkfg,A
                                  (7) ltkrh;rk (Homogeneity)μltkrh;rk ls vk'k; ;g gS fd izR;sd oxZ dh lHkh bdkb;k¡ bl xq.k osQ
                                  rn~u:i gksuh pkfg;sa ftlosQ vkèkkj ij oxhZdj.k fd;k x;k gSA

                                  3-3 vk¡dM+ksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ izdkj@i¼fr;k¡@fopkj  (Types/Methods/Approaches
                                       of Classification of Data)


                                  vk¡dM+ksa dks pkj lewgksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSμ

                                                                  vk¡dM+ks dk oxhZdj.k
                                                                       a




                                           HkkSxksfyd        xq.kkRed         ifjek.kkRed      le; vk/kfjr
                                        (Geographical)     (Quantitativel)   (Quantitativel)  (Chronological)
                                           oxhZdj.k          oxhZdj.k          oxhZdj.k          oxhZdj.k





         32                               LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43