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vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡
uksV gS ftlesa vuqlaèkku fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr vHkh"V ,oa foLr`r tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrq iz'uksa dk Øekuqlkj
rFkk izkFkfedrkuqlkj C;kSjk gksrk gS ftldk mÙkj lwpdksa }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
• iz'ukoyh] iz'uksa dh ,d ,slh lwph gksrh gS ftlesa iz'uksa dk mÙkj Lo;a lwpd nsrk gS vkSj Hkjdj okil
Hkst nsrk gS tcfd vuqlwph ,d ,slk izi=k gS ftldh iw£r izf'kf{kr izx.kdksa }kjk lwpdksa ls iwNrkN
djosQ dh tkrh gSA
• f}rh;d lead os gksrs gSa tks igys ls gh vU; O;fDr;ksa ;k laLFkkvksa }kjk ,df=kr o izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSaA
• fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij ljdkjh] v¼Zljdkjh ,oa xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk,¡ ,oa vU; O;fDr] vuqlUèkkudrkZ
izkFkfed vuqlUèkku }kjk izkIr leadksa dks le;≤ ij izdkf'kr djrs jgrs gSa ftudk vU; O;fDr;ksa
}kjk f}rh;d lead osQ :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
2-7 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• laxzg.kμlaxzg.k djuk] bdV~Bk djukA
• lkis{krkμog fl¼kar ftlesa nks ckrsa ;k oLrq,¡ ,d nwljs ij vkisf{kr gksaA
• izfrn'kZμuewukA
2-8 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d lead fdls dgrs gSa\ nksuksa esa varj Li"V dhft,A
2- izkFkfed leadksa osQ ladyu dh fof/;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
3- vuqlwph ,oa iz'ukoyh ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ vuqlwph rFkk iz'ukoyh esa D;k varj gS\
4- izkFkfed leadksa osQ ladyu dh izR;{k fof/ ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
5- f}rh;d lead fdls dgrs gSa\ blosQ ladyu dh fof/;k¡ crkb,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. 1. (d) 2. ([k) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5- ([k)
2. 1. iz'uksa 2. nks 3. izdkf'kr 4. tk¡p lfefr
5. lekpkj&i=kA
2-10 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
iqLrosaQ 1. ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡_ Mk- ,l- ,e- 'kqDy ,oa MkW- f'koiwtu lgk;_ ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡
lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl] vkxjk
2. lk¡f[;dh] izks- ih- vkj- xXxM+_ fjlpZ ifCyosQ'kUl] 89] =khiksfy;k cktkj] t;iqj
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