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vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡




                    uksV                gS ftlesa vuqlaèkku fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr vHkh"V ,oa foLr`r tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrq iz'uksa dk Øekuqlkj
                                        rFkk izkFkfedrkuqlkj C;kSjk gksrk gS ftldk mÙkj lwpdksa }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
                                    •   iz'ukoyh] iz'uksa dh ,d ,slh lwph gksrh gS ftlesa iz'uksa dk mÙkj Lo;a lwpd nsrk gS vkSj Hkjdj okil

                                        Hkst nsrk gS tcfd vuqlwph ,d ,slk izi=k gS ftldh iw£r izf'kf{kr izx.kdksa }kjk lwpdksa ls iwNrkN
                                        djosQ dh tkrh gSA
                                    •   f}rh;d lead os gksrs gSa tks igys ls gh vU; O;fDr;ksa ;k laLFkkvksa }kjk ,df=kr o izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSaA
                                    •   fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij ljdkjh] v¼Zljdkjh ,oa xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk,¡ ,oa vU; O;fDr] vuqlUèkkudrkZ

                                        izkFkfed vuqlUèkku }kjk izkIr leadksa dks le;≤ ij izdkf'kr djrs jgrs gSa ftudk vU; O;fDr;ksa
                                        }kjk f}rh;d lead osQ :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

                                  2-7 'kCndks'k (Keywords)


                                        • laxzg.kμlaxzg.k djuk] bdV~Bk djukA
                                        • lkis{krkμog fl¼kar ftlesa nks ckrsa ;k oLrq,¡ ,d nwljs ij vkisf{kr gksaA
                                        • izfrn'kZμuewukA

                                  2-8 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                    1-  izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d lead fdls dgrs gSa\ nksuksa esa varj Li"V dhft,A
                                    2-  izkFkfed leadksa osQ ladyu dh fof/;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
                                    3-  vuqlwph ,oa iz'ukoyh ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ vuqlwph rFkk iz'ukoyh esa D;k varj gS\
                                    4-  izkFkfed leadksa osQ ladyu dh izR;{k fof/ ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

                                    5-  f}rh;d lead fdls dgrs gSa\ blosQ ladyu dh fof/;k¡ crkb,A
                                  mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self  Assessment)

                                      1.  1. (d)           2. ([k)        3. (d)           4. (d)         5- ([k)
                                      2.  1. iz'uksa       2. nks         3. izdkf'kr      4. tk¡p lfefr

                                          5. lekpkj&i=kA
                                  2-10 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                     iqLrosaQ  1. ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡_ Mk- ,l- ,e- 'kqDy ,oa MkW- f'koiwtu lgk;_ ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡

                                               lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl] vkxjk
                                            2. lk¡f[;dh] izks- ih- vkj- xXxM+_ fjlpZ ifCyosQ'kUl] 89] =khiksfy;k cktkj] t;iqj












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