Page 37 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—3% vk¡dM+ksa dk oxhZdj.k ,oa lkj.kh;u % vko`fÙk ,oa lap;h vko`fÙk forj.k

(2) rqyuk esa lgk;d (It facilitates comparison)μoxhZdj.k leadksa osQ chp vFkZiw.kZ rqyuk djus dh lqfoèkk uksV
iznku djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fo'ofo|ky; osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa dk ¯yx osQ vuqlkj oxhZdj.k djosQ ge iq#"k vkSj
fL=k;ksa osQ chp mPp f'k{kk osQ izpyu dh rqyuk vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSaA tcfd voxhZÑr leadksa ls bl izdkj
dh dksbZ tkudkjh izkIr ugha dh tk ldrhA
(3) Li"Vrk o fuf'prrk ykuk (It brings clarity and certainty)μoxhZdj.k ls lkaf[;dh; rF;ksa dh lekurk
Li"V gks tkrh gSA fiQj] leadksa dks lekurk ,oa vlekurk osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN fuf'pr oxks± esa ck¡Vus ls muesa
vfuf'prrk lekIr gksrh gSA
(4) roZQiw.kZ O;oLFkk iznku djuk (It provides logical arrangement)μoxhZdj.k leadksa dks oSKkfud ,oa roZQiw.kZ
<ax ls izLrqr djus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] tux.kuk leadksa dks fcuk fdlh vkèkkj osQ fy[kus dh ctk;
mUgsa vk;q] ¯yx] tkfr] èkeZ] jkT; vkfn oxks± esa ck¡Vdj O;Dr djuk fu%lUnsg ,d roZQiw.kZ fd;k gSA
(5) lEcUèk vè;;u esa lgk;dμ(It helps to study the relationship)μleadksa dk nks ;k nks ls vfèkd xq.kksa
;k ekin.Mksa osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k oxhZdj.k] muosQ chp ik;s tkus okys lEcUèk osQ vè;;u dks lEHko cukrk
gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fo|k£Fk;ksa dh la[;k dks ¯yx rFkk ladk; esa ck¡Vdj] bu xq.kksa osQ ikjLifjd lEcUèk dk
vè;;u ge vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSaA
(6) lkj.kh;u dk vkèkkj izLrqr djuk (It provides basis of tabulation)μoxhZdj.k dh fØ;k] lkj.kh;u
rFkk lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dh vU; fØ;kvksa osQ fy;s vkèkkj izLrqr djrh gSA fcuk oxhZdj.k osQ lkj.kh;u
vlEHko gS vkSj lkj.kh;u osQ vHkko esa lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vO;ogkfjd gSA

uksV~l oxhZdj.k ,oa lkj.kh;u ladfyr lkexzh osQ laf{kIrhdj.k dh ,d izfØ;k gS_ ;g u osQoy leadksa
dks mudh fo'ks"krkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij izdV djrh gS cfYd lkaf[;dh; lkexzh osQ fuoZpu dh
vkèkkjf'kyk gSA

3-2 vkn'kZ oxhZdj.k osQ vko';d rRo (Essentials of an Ideal Classification)

;|fi oxhZdj.k] leadksa osQ fo'ys"k.k dh ,d egRoiw.kZ rduhd gSa fdUrq blosQ fy;s dksbZ fuf'pr o dBksj
fu;e fuèkkZfjr ugha fd;s tk ldrs D;ksafd fdlh Hkh lkaf[;dh; vuqlUèkku esa leadksa dk oxhZdj.k eq[;r%
leadksa osQ Lo:i vkSj tk¡p osQ mís'; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA rFkkfi ,d vkn'kZ oxhZdj.k osQ fy;s fuEu ekxZn'kZd
fu;eksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gSμ
(1) vlafnXèkrk rFkk Li"Vrk (Unambiguity and Clarity)μfofHkUu oxks± (classes) dh ifjHkk"kk vFkok
fuèkkZj.k bl izdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg;s fd muesa Li"Vrk o vlanfXèkrk osQ xq.k ekStwn gksaA dksbZ bdkbZ] fdl oxZ
esa j[kh tk;s bl ckjs esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh vfuf'prkr ;k dfBukbZ ugha gksuh pkfg;sA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn gesa
O;fDr;ksa osQ ,d lewg dks ^lk{kj* rFkk ^fuj{kj* esa oxhZÑr djuk gS rks ;g vko';d gS fd bls Li"Vr%
ifjHkkf"kr dj fy;k tk;s fd lk{kj rFkk fuj{kj ls gekjk D;k vfHkizk; gSA
(2) O;kidrk (Comprehensiveness)μoxhZdj.k vius&vki esa bruk O;kid gksuk pkfg;s fd lexz dh izR;sd
bdkbZ dk fdlh&u&fdlh oxZ esa vo'; lekos'k gks tk;s] vFkkZr~ dksbZ Hkh bdkbZ NqVuh ugha pkfg;sA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
;fn oSokfgd&fLFkr (marital status) os vkèkkj ij ^fookfgr* rFkk ^vfookfgr* osQoy nks gh oxZ cuk;s x,
gaS rks fiQj ,slh gkyr esa foèkqj] foèkok] rykd 'kqnk vkfn bdkb;ksa dk bl oxhZdj.k esa lekos'k ugha gks ik,xk
vkSj ;g viw.kZ oxhZdj.k gksxkA vr% oxhZdj.k djrs le; bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd oxZ iw.kZ vFkok
O;kid gksaA

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