Page 32 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV (v) O;kikfjd laLFkkvksa o ifj"knksa osQ izdk'kuμcM+h&cM+h O;kikfjd laLFkk,¡ o ifj"knsa tSls General
Motors Inc., Hindustan lever Ltd., Bank Bodies, Stock Exchanges, Trade Unions, FICCI etc.
}kjk vius lkaf[;dh o 'kksèk foHkkxksa }kjk ,df=kr lead izdkf'kr djrh gSaA
(vi) vuqlUèkku ,oa 'kksèk laLFkkvksa osQ izdk'kuμvusd 'kksèk laLFkk,¡ fo'ofo|ky; le;≤ ij vius

'kksèk dk;ks± osQ ifj.kkeksa dks izdkf'kr djkrs jgrs gSa_ tSlsμHkkjrh; lkaf[;dh vuqlUèkku (ISI), jk"Vªh;
izfrn'kZ tk¡p laxBu (NSSO), O;kogkfjd vk£Fkd 'kksèk dh jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ (NCAFR) vkfnA
(bii) lekpkj&i=k o if=kdk,¡μlekpkj&i=k ,oa lkef;d if=kdk,¡ [Economics Times (Daily), Com-

merce (Weekly), Transport (Monthly)] vkfn Hkh f}rh;d leadksa osQ egRoiw.kZ lkèku gSaA
(viii) O;fDrxr vuqlaèkkudÙkkZμoqQN O;fDr vius mís';ksa dh iw£r osQ fy, fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij vko';d
lead ,df=kr djosQ lkoZtfud :i ls izdkf'kr djokrs jgrs gSaA
2. vizdkf'kr Ïksr (Unpublished Sources)
oqQN lkaf[;dh; lkexzh ,slh Hkh gksrh gS ftldk fofèkor~ izdk'ku ugha gks ikrkA vusd vuqlUèkkudÙkkZ] fofHkUu
mís';ksa ls lkexzh ,df=kr djrs gSa tks izdkf'kr ugha djkbZ tkrh gS ijUrq fiQj Hkh mi;ksxh gksrh gS_ tSlsμ'kksèkk£Fk;ksa
}kjk fd;s x;s 'kksèk&dk;Z] dkWystksa osQ fjdkWMZ vkfnA
f}rh;d leadksa dh tk¡p vkSj iz;ksx ,oa lkoèkkfu;k¡
(Scruting and Use and Precautions of Secondary Data)
f}rh;d leadksa dk iz;ksx djus ls iwoZ vkykspukRed tk¡p }kjk mudk foLr`r lEiknu djuk furkUr vko';d
gksrk gSA f}rh;d leadksa dh eq[; leL;k mudk ladyu u gksdj] mudk mfpr ,oa la'kksfèkr :i esa iz;ksx gksrk
gS D;ksafd nwljksa }kjk ladfyr leadksa dks vius mís'; osQ vuq:i cukuk dkiQh dfBu dk;Z gksrk gSA dkSuj osQ
vuqlkj] ¶lead fo'ks"k :i ls vU; O;fDr;ksa osQ }kjk ,df=kr lead] iz;ksxdÙkkZ osQ fy, vusd =kqfV;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ
gksrs gSA¸ ;s =kqfV;k¡ vusd dkj.kksa ls gks ldrh gSa_ tSlsμlkaf[;dh; bdkbZ esa ifjorZu] lwpuk dh viw.kZrk ,oa
vi;kZIrrk] i{kikr] mís'; o {ks=k dh fHkUurk vkfnA vr% bu f}rh;d leadksa dk iz;ksx djus ls iwoZ
vuqlUèkkudrkZ dks ;g ns[k ysuk pkfg, fd izLrqr f}rh;d lkexzh esa fo'oluh;rk (Reliability), vuqowQyrk
(Suitability) rFkk i;kZIrrk (Adequacy) vkfn vko';d xq.k ik;s tkrs gSa ;k ughaA

f}rh;d lead igys ls gh vU; O;fDr;ksa ;k laLFkkvksa }kjk izdkf'kr gksrs gSaAs

lkoèkkfu;k¡μf}rh;d leadksa dk iz;ksx djrs le; fuEu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
1. fiNys vuqlUèkkudrkZ dh ;ksX;rkμlcls igys ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd f}rh;d lkexzh igys ftl
vuqlUèkkudrkZ }kjk ,d=k dh xbZ gS og vuqHkoh] ;ksX;] bZekunkj ,oa fu"i{k O;fDr Fkk rks mu leadksa
dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2. laxzg.k ;k ladyu jhfrμladyu dh tks jhfr viukbZ xbZ Fkh og leadksa osQ orZeku iz;ksx osQ fy,
dgk¡ rd mi;qDr ,oa fo'oluh; Fkh\ ;fn izfrn'kZ vuqlUèkku fd;k x;k Fkk rks ;g fuf'pr dj ysuk
pkfg, fd izfrn'kZ (Samples) ;Fks"V gS vkSj iw.kZ:i ls lexz dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gS rHkh f}rh;d
leadksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
3. mís'; o {ks=kμizkFkfed :i ls izLrqr djrs le; lead ,df=kr fd;s x;s Fks rks vuqlUèkku osQ mís';
o {ks=k ;fn ogh Fks tks orZeku esa gSa rks mudk iz;ksx f}rh;d leadksa osQ :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ysfdu ;fn mís'; o {ks=k esa vUrj gS rks lead vuqi;qDr vkSj vfo'oluh; gksaxsA

26 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY