Page 44 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV rduhdh fVIi.kh (Technical Note)μ;g fu.kZ; ysuk fd oxkZUrjksa dh jpuk viothZ jhfr }kjk dh tk;s vFkok
lekos'kh jhfr }kjk] ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd fopkjkèkhu pj (variable) dh izÑfr D;k gS vFkkZr~] og
v[kf.Mr pj (continuous) gS ;k [kf.Mr pj (discrete variable)A Lej.k jgs] v[kf.mr pjksa tSls izkIrkad]
vk;q] yEckbZ] Hkkj vkfn osQ ekeys esa viothZ jhfr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ foijhr [kf.Mr pjksa
tSls Jfedksa dh la[;k osQ vuqlkj iSQfDVª;ksa dk oxhZdj.k] fuokl ;k ifjokjksa osQ vuqlkj lnL;&la[;k vkfn osQ
fy;s lekos'kh jhfr dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
I II Conversion
10–19 11–20 9.5–19.5 10.5–20.5
20–29 21–30 19.5–29.5 20.5–30.5
30–39 31–40 29.5–39.5 30.5–40.5
40–49 41–50 39.5–49.5 40.5–50.5
50–59 51–60 49.5–59.5 50.5–60.5
60–69 61–70 59.5–69.5 60.5–70.5
,d dfBukbZμmijksDr oxhZdj.k dh ,d dfBukbZ ;g gS fd blesa 19 ls 20 osQ chp osQ n'keyo ewY;ksa (tSls
19.6) dk lek;kstu ugha gks ldrkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa lekos'kh oxkZUrjksa dks viothZ oxkZurjksa esa cny ysuk
pkfg;sA
lekos'kh oxkZUrjksa dks viothZ cukus dh fofèkμblosQ fy;s ,d oxZ dh Åijh lhek vkSj mlls vxys oxz
dh fupyh lhek osQ vUrj dk vkèkk djosQ] mls fupyh lhekvksa esa ls ?kVk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj Åijh lhekvksa
esa tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA bl ifjorZu (conversion) ls ,d rks x.kuk&fØ;k vklku gks tkrh gS] nwljk cgqyd o
eè;dk osQ vkx.ku osQ fy;s og ifjorZu t:jh gksrk gSA lw=kkuwlkjμ
d
d = 20 – 19 = 1 ;k 21 – 20 = 1 ⇒ = 0.5
2

d/2 dks la'kksèku dkjd (correction factor) dgrs gSaA
Åij fn;s x;s lekos'kh oxkZUrjksa dks viothZ cukdj fn[kk;k x;k gSA gk¡! bu u;s viothZ oxks± dh fupyh rFkk
Åijh lhekvksa dks] ^oxZ lhek;sa* (class boundries) dgrs gSaA
viothZ rFkk lekos'kh jhfr esa vUrjμbu nksuksa jhfr;ksa esa eq[; vUrj bl izdkj gSaμ(i) viothZ jhfr esa ,d
oxZ dh Åijh lhek mlls vxys oxZ dh fupyh lhek osQ cjkcj gksrh gS] tcfd lekos'kh jhfr esa bu nksuksa
lhekvksa esa vUrj gksrk gS vkSj ;g vUrj vfèkdrj 1 dk gksrk gSA (ii) bl izdkj viothZ oxks± esa tgk¡ fujurjrk
;k vfofPNUurk (continuity) ik;h tkrh gS] ogk¡ lekos'kh oxkZUrjksa esa fofPNUurk (discontinuity) gksrh gSA
(iii) viothZ jhfr esa ,d oxZ dh Åijh lhek osQ cjkcj ewY; dh bdkbZ] ml oxZ esa 'kkfey ugha dh tkrh]
cfYd mlls vxys oxkZUrj esa 'kkfey dh tkrh gSA fdUrq blosQ foijhr lekos'kh jhfr esa Åijh lhek osQ cjkcj
ewY; dh bdkbZ dk Hkh] mlh oxZ esa lekos'k gksrk gSA (iv) fdlh Hkh lkaf[;dh; eki dh x.kuk osQ fy;s viothZ
oxkZUrjksa esa la'kksèku djus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksrhA fdUrq lekos'kh oxkZUrjksa esa cgqyd rFkk eè;dk dk
vkx.ku djrs le; muesa la'kksèku djuk t:jh gksrk gS] vFkkZr~ mUgsa viothZ oxkZUrjksa esa cnyuk iM+rk gSA (v)

tc fn;s gq;s ewY; iw.kk±dksa esa gksa rks lekos'kh jhfr vfèkd mi;qDr gksrh gS] vU;Fkk viothZ jhfr vPNh le>h
tkrh gSA

mnkgj.k (Illustration) 4: jkaph osQ ,d ifYcd LowQy osQ 30 cPpkas dk Hkkj (fdyksxzke) esa bl izdkj gSμ
8 7 16 15 14 12 10 10 9 11 13 13 17 16 12
13 16 14 13 12 11 9 8 16 17 18 19 20 20 21

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