Page 158 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_PUNJABI

ftfdne seBhe

B'N ftPb/PD ehsk iKdk j?. nfXnkge dh ekoie[Pbsk ns/ T[; dh ;woZEk dk nB[wkB T[; dh
f;ybkJh dh gqGktPhbsk d/ o{g ftZu brkfJnk ik ;edk j?. gozs{ nfXnkge dk t;s{fBPm
w[bnzeD nfXnkge d/ fttjkoK ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ Bkb j'D tkbh nzso^fefonk
(Interaction) d/ d[nkok ehsk ik ;edk j?.

B'N; nzso^fefonk (Interaction Analysis) dk noE j?^nfijh gqDkbh fi; d/ d[nkok
iwks^ewo/ ftZu xND tkbhnK xNBktK dk ftt;fEs ns/ t;s{fBPm BohyD
eoe/ ftfrnkB ftPb/PD ehsk iKdk j?.

fJZe fJZe soQK dh ftP/P P'X fefonk j?, fi; dh ;jkfJsk Bkb iwks dhnK ;kohnK fefonktK
ns/ fttjkoK dk BohyD, w[bnzeD ns/ ftPb/PD ehsk iKdk j?.

Uto d/ nB[;ko, “eowpZX BohyD gqDkbh T[j T[g:'rh ;kXB j?, fi; d/ wkfXnw Bkb
f;Zfynk dhnK ;fEshnK d/ uoK dh nzso^fefonk B{z gfjukDBk, torheoD, wkg ns/ nfXnB
ehsk iKdk j?.”

“Systematic observation represents a useful means of identifying, classifying,
studying, measuring specific variables as they interact within the institutional
learning situations.”

phs/ 60^65 ;kbK ftZu f;ZfynkPk;soh iwks fttjkoK nfXnB eoB d/ bJh iwks BohyD
gqDkbhnK dk T[g:'r eo oj/ jB, T[jBK B{z d' torK ftZu tzfvnk ik ;edk j?^

;ze/s^gqDkbh ftZu nfXnkge d/ fttjkoK dh ;{uh fdZsh iKdh j?. Bohye, nfXnkge d/ T[;
fttjko s/ fBPkB (;ze/s) brkT[Adk j? fi; dk gqdoPB ewo/ ftZu j[zdk j?.

Pq/Dh$tor gqDkbh ftZu ftfGzB fttjkoK B{z T[fus torK$Pq/DhnK ftZu g{oD j'D d/ eow ftZu
fbyd/ iKd/ jB. iwks dh jo/e fszB iK fszB s'A xZN ;?fezv d/ ;w/A ftZu j'D tkbh xNBk B{z th
do;kfJnk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; B{z B'N eoe/ fJj d/fynk iKdk j? fe fJj xNBk$fttjko fe;
tor iK Pq/Dh ftZu nkT[Adk j?.

J/Avo;B B/ 1935, j/bB ns/ po{no B/ 1945 ns/ w/oh coKf;; B/ 1946 ftZu iwks ;zpzXh
nzso^fefonk ftPb/PD d/ y/so ftZu ekoi nkozG ehsk. fbfgN ns/ jtkJhN B/ 1943 ftZu
eoN bhftB dh wdd Bkb ftfGzB soQK d/ nrtkJh (Leadership) d/ gqGktK dk nfXnB ehsk.
ftYkb (1949) B/ Pkpfde eEBK B{z ;Zs torK ftZu tzfvnk j? ns/ iwks ;zpzXh tksktoD dk
nfXnB eoB d/ bJh fJZe ;Zs torh fJzv?e; (Index) ftef;s ehsk. 1950 ftZu okpoN
p/b; B/ nzso^fefonk ftPb/PD B{z fJZe y'i seBhe d/ o{g ftZu gq:'r ehsk.

1951 ftZu n?BH J/H cb?Avo (N.A. Flander) B/ nfXnkge fttjko d/ nfXnB d/ bJh dZ;
tor$Pq/Dh gqDkbh dh ouBk ehsh. fJj gqDkbh fwBh;'Nk :{Bhtof;Nh ftZu ftef;s ehsh rJh
i' nZi ;G s'A tZX gquZbs j?.

cb?Avo d/ P'X ekoi d/ pknd eJh P'XeosktK B/ fJ; y/so ftZu ekoi nkozG ehsk.

152 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY