Page 207 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_PUNJABI

fJekJh^20L fouov ;uw?B dk g[ZSskS f;ybkJh gqshwkB

B'N

B'N; ftfdnkoEhnK dh fifrnk;k nGhftosh ns/ nGho{uhnK dk ftek; j[zdk j?, fi;
d[nkok ftfdnkoEh ifNb go;fEshnK ftZu T[; d/ ;wkXkB d/ bJh gq/fos j' e/
eowpZX sohe/ Bkb ekoi eod/ jB.

g[ZSskS dh f;ybkJh Bkb T[jBK B{z ;wZf;nk ;zpzXh xNBktK dh ftnkfynk eoB ftZu th
;jkfJsk fwbdh j?. ;uw?B d/ nB[;ko, “g[ZSskS f;ybkJh gqshwkB dk fNZuk ftfdnkoEhnK
ftZu y'i ns/ nzefVnK d/ ftPb/PD ftZu fBg[zBsk ns/ e"Pb ftef;s eoBk j? fi; Bkb T[j
nkgD/^nkg xNBktK dh ftnkfynk eo ;eD ns/ T[jBK ftZu ftfGzB sZsK d/ gko;gfoe ;zpzX
y'i ;eD ns/ ;ZukJh dk gsk brk ;eD.”

(2) ;zouBk (Structure)^fJ; gqshwkB dh ;zouBk (Structure) dhnK gzi nt;EktK j[zdhnK jB^
(T) ;wZf;nk dk gq;s{sheoD eoBk^fJ; ftZu nfXnkge d/ fBod/PD ftZu ftfdnkoEh
;wZf;nk dh u'D eod/ jB.

(n) ;wZf;n;k ;zpzXh gq:'r eoBk^brGr nZX/ xzN/ sZe ;wZf;nk Bkb ;zpzXs ;{uBk gqkgs
eoB d/ bJh ftfdnkoEh nfij/ gqPB g[ZSdk j? fiBQK dk T[Zso nfXnkge e/tb jK iK BjhA ftZu
fdzdk j?. ftfdnkoEhnK d[nkok fJj g[ZSskS T[; ;w/A sZe uZbdh j? id'A sZe ftfdnkoEh
xNBk$ ;wZf;nk d/ ;gPNheoD sZe BjhA gj[zu iKd/. nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK B{z dZ;dk j? fe
T[; s'A xNBk d/ xfNs j'D dk ekoB ns/ ;wZf;nk dk jZb f;ZX/ o{g ftZu BjhA g[ZS/.
nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK B{z fJj th fBod/P fdzdk j? fe T[j fJZe ;wZf;nk s/, fizB/ ukj/ T[B/
gqPB g[ZS ;ed/ jB ns/ g[ZSskS d/ ;w/A nkgD/ ;kEh ftfdnkoEhnK s'A ;bkj th b? ;ed/ jB iK
ftuko^ ftwoP th eo ;ed/ jB.

(J) ftfdnkoEhnK s/ nfXnkgeK d/ ;wZf;nk ;wkXkB d/ bJh :sB^fJ; ftZu ftfdnkoEh
nBt/PD ns/ gqsZy f;ybkJh eoe/ Bt/A sZsK s'A ikD{ j'D d/ bJh nzefVnK dk fJeZsoheoD
eodk j?, gfoebgBktK dk fBowkD eodk j? ns/ T[jBK d/ nXko s/ ekoB^ekoi ;zpzXK (Cause-
effect Relationship) dh gqfeonk eodk j?.

(;) ;{uBktK dk ;zrmB^nzeV/ fJeZsos eod/ ;w/A ;{uBktK B{z ;zrms ehsk iKdk j?. nfXnkge
ftfdnkoEhnK B{z fJeZsfos nzefVnK s'A Bshi/ eYtkT[Adk j? ns/ BshfinK dh ftnkfynk eodk
j?.

(e) g[ZSskS gqfefonk dk ftPb/PD^fJ; ftZu ftfdnkoEhnK B{z T[; dh g[ZSskS gqfefonk dk
ftPb/PD eoB d/ bJh fejk iKdk j?. Bkb jh fJj th fBoDk fbnk iKdk j? fe io{oh ;kohnK
;{uBktK gqkgs j'JhnK iK BjhA. nfXnke g{oD gqfefonk dk w[bnzeD ns/ g{BoBfoyD
(Review) eodk j? ns/ T[fus fBoD/ b? e/ Bshi/ sZe gj[zuD dk :sB eodk j?.

(3) ;wkfie gqDkbh (Social System)^nfXnkge fJ; gqshwkB ftZu B/so/st eodk j?,
ftfdnkoEhnK B{z g[ZSskS d/ bJh gq/fos eodk j? ns/ gqkgs BshfinK dh f;ybkJh d/ bJh w"ek
fdzdk j?. fJ; gqshwkB ftZu nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEh d'jK dhnK G{fwektK wjZstg{oD jB.
nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ wZX ;fj:'r dk y[Zbk tksktoD j[zdk j?.

Nk;e ;{uBktK dk ;zrmB eh j?<

(4) w[bnzeD gqDkbh (Evaluation System)^fJ; gqshwkB ftZu w[bnzeD d/ bJh ftP/P o{g Bkb
gq:'rkswe gqhfynktK dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; Bkb gsk uZbdk j? fe ftfdnkoEh ;wZf;nk^

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