Page 147 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV fnYyh cksMZ vkWI+kQ lsosQ.Mjh ,tqosQ'ku] osQUnzh; cksMZ esa lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k gS rFkk lHkh f'k{k.k laLFkku fnYyh
cksMZ ls ekU;rk izkIr dj osQUnzh; cksMZ dk ,d Hkkx cu x,A blh izdkj osQUnz'kkflr izns'k (paMhx<+] vaMeku
fudksckj }hilewg] v#.kkpy izns'k] flfDde] >kj[kaM] mÙkjk[k.M rFkk NÙkhlx<+) Hkh osQUnzh; f'k{kk cksMZ ls
lac¼ gSaA lh-ch-,l-bZ- cksMZ esa 1962 esa tgk¡ 309 LowQy Fks ogha 2012 esa 8979 LowQy gSa ftuesa 21 ns'kksa osQ
141 LowQy Hkh lfEefyr gSaA 897 osQUnzh; fo|ky;] 1761 ljdkjh fo|ky;] 5827 Lora=k LowQy rFkk 480 tokgj
uoksn; fo|ky; rFkk 14 osQUnzh; frCcr LowQy gSaA
Hkkjr esa f'k{kk ls lacaf/r 30 ls vf/d cksMZ gSaA izR;sd jkT; dk viuk ,d cksMZ gSA mudk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSμ
mÙkj izns'k gkbZ LowQy rFkk b.VjehfM,V f'k{kk cksMZ fo'o dk lcls cM+k ijh{kk vk;kstd gSA mÙkj izns'k esa oqQN
lsosQ.Mjh LowQy vkbZ-lh-,l-bZ- cksMZ rFkk lh-ch-,l-bZ- cksMZ ls lEc¼ gS] fdUrq vf/drj fo|ky; ;w-ih- cksMZ ls gh
lEc¼ gSaA ;w-ih- cksMZ vkWiQ lsosQ.Mjh rFkk gk;j lsosQ.Mjh ,tqosQ'ku ls bl le; 9121 lsosQ.Mjh fo|ky; lEc¼
gSaA ;g gkbZ LowQy (X) rFkk b.VjehfM,V (XII) ijh{kkvksa dk vk;kstu djrk gS rFkk gkbZ LowQy o b.VjehfM,V
dh ikB~;iqLrdksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh djrk gSA

12-6 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

• Nk=ko`fÙkμf'k{kk cksMZ vFkok ljdkj }kjk Nk=k dks nh tkus okyh foÙkh; lgk;rkA

• izfrLi/Zdμizfr;ksxhA
12-7 vH;kl&iz'u ( Review Questions)

1. lh-ch-,l-bZ- osQ dk;ks± dk mYys[k dhft,A

2. lh-ch-,l-bZ- cksMZ osQ izeq[k mís'; D;k gSa\
3. lh-ch-,l-bZ- cksMZ dh xzs¯Mx iz.kkyh osQ fo"k; esa le>kb;sA
4. jkT; cksMZ osQ dk;Z D;k gSa\
5. fdUgha ik¡p jkT; cksMZ ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answers: Self Assessment)
1. (i) 9000 (ii) mÙkj izns'k cksMZ vkWI + kQ gkbZ LowQy vkSj b.VjehfM,V ,tqosQ'ku

(iii) 9 ls 12 (iv) 2008
2. (i) vlR; (ii) lR; (iii) vlR; (iv) lR;
3. (i)(a) (ii)(b) (iii)(c) (iv)(d)

12-8 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

1. vè;kid f'k{kkμ,u- vkj- lDlsuk] ch- osQ feJk] vkj- osQ- eksgUrh_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ] jkt
fizUVlZ (;w-ih-)
2. i;kZoj.k vè;;uμMk- c`tfoykl ik.Ms;_ izdk'ku osQUnz y[kuÅA
3. Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk fodklμizks- lqjs'k HkVukxj] MkW- lat; oqQekj_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ]
(;w-ih-)A

140 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY