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bdkbZ—2% Hkkjr esa eè;dkyhu f'k{kkμbLykfed f'k{kk

5- oqQjku LowQy (Koran Schools)μ¶bu LowQyksa esa osQoy oqQjku dh f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA¸ bldk o.kZu djrs gq, uksV
Mh yk iQkWl (De La Fosse) us “Quinqunnial Review of India, 1907-1912” esa fy[kk gSμ¶oqQjku LowQy
lkèkkj.kr% fdlh efLtn ls layXu gksrs FksA buesa Nk=kksa dks igys vjch fyfi dk Kku djk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj fiQj
oqQjku dh vk;rsa d.BLFk djkbZ tkrh FkhaA mudks fy[kus dh vkSj xf.kr dh f'k{kk ugha nh tkrh FkhA¸

6- iQkjlh o oqQjku osQ LowQy (Persian Koran Schools)μtSlk fd uke ls fofnr gS] ;s LowQyμiQkjlh vkSj oqQjku
LowQyksa osQ fefJr :i FksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] bu LowQyksa esa iQkjlh vkSj oqQjkuμnksuksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA
7- enjls (Madarsahs)μ¶enjlk¸ 'kCn dh mRifÙk] vjch Hkk"kk osQ ¶njl¸ (Dars) 'kCn ls gqbZ gS] ftldk vFkZ
gSμ¶Hkk"k.k¸ (A Lecture)A bl izdkj] ¶enjlk¸ og LFkku gS] tgk¡ f'k{k.k osQ fy, Hkk"k.k ;k O;k[;ku&fof/ dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA enjls] mPp f'k{kk osQ osQUnz Fks vkSj lkekU;r;k fdlh efLtn esa layXu gksrs FksA budh
LFkkiukμjkT; vkSj /uh fo|k izsfe;ksa }kjk dh tkrh FkhA buesa fofHkUu f'k{kdksa }kjk fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh
FkhA f'k{kk dk ekè;e iQkjlh FkkA
enjls] lkokl f'k{kk&osQUnz Fks] ij vius ifjokjksa osQ lkFk jgus okys Nk=k Hkh ogk¡ tkdj f'k{kk izkIr dj ldrs
FksA bfrgkldkj bfy;V (Elliot) us ,d Nk=k osQ fo"k; esa fy[kk gS] tks nks ehy nwj ls izfrfnu fnYyh osQ enjls
esa vè;;u djus tk;k djrk FkkA enjlksa osQ lkFk Nk=kkokl layXu Fks] ftuesa Nk=kksa osQ nSfud Hkkstu dh lqUnj
O;oLFkk FkhA izR;sd Nk=k dks vk£Fkd lgk;rk osQ :i esa oqQN /u feyrk FkkA ;ksX; Nk=kksa dks Nk=ko`fÙk;k¡ nh
tkrh FkhaA f'k{kdksa osQ fy, enjlksa esa fuokl vkSj Hkkstu dk izcU/ FkkA bl izdkj] Nk=k vkSj f'k{kd fujUrj
?kfu"B lEioZQ esa jgrs FksA
8- vjch osQ LowQy (Arabic Schools)μbu LowQyksa dk eq[; mís';μvjch Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; osQ fo}kuksa dk fuekZ.k
djuk FkkA vr% buesa f'k{kk dk Lrj vR;Ur mPp gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA

¶edrc¸ ,d f'k{kd okyh laLFkk,¡ FkhaA buesa f'k{k.k&dk;Z izkr%dky ls eè;kUg rd rFkk fiQj
vijkUg esa gksrk FkkA Nk=kksa ls fdlh izdkj dk 'kqYd ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kdksa osQ Hkj.k&iks"k.k
dh O;oLFkk /uh O;fDr;ksa }kjk dh tkrh FkhA jkT; dks edrcksa esa fo'ks"k iz;kstu ugha FkkA ftu LFkkuksa
esa enjls ugha Fks] ogk¡ osQ oqQN edrcksa esa mPp f'k{kk dk Hkh izcU/ FkkA

f'k{kk osQ vU; {ks=k (Other Spheres of Education)

1- L=kh f'k{kk (Women’s Education)μMkW- ,iQ- bZ- osQbZ osQ 'kCnksa esaμ¶inkZ&izFkk us] ftlesa NksVh ckfydkvksa
osQ vykok lHkh eqlyeku fL=k;ksa dks ,dkUr esa cUn j[kk] mudh f'k{kk dks vR;f/d dfBukbZ dk dkj.k
cuk fn;kA¸
inkZ&izFkk osQ dkj.k osQoy NksVh vk;q dh ckfydk,¡ edrcksa esa tkdj ckydksa osQ lkFk fo|k dk vtZu djrh Fkha]
ij mUgsa oqQN gh le; osQ ckn ;g dk;Z LFkfxr djuk iM+rk FkkA mudks mPp f'k{kk dh lqfo/k,¡ miyC/ ugha Fkha]
D;ksafd jkT; ;k lekt dh vksj ls muosQ fy, i`Fko~Q f'k{kk&laLFkkvksa dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha dh x;h FkhA iQyLo:i]
fuEu vkSj fu/Zu oxks± dh ckfydk,¡ ;k rks Kku&izkfIr osQ ykHk ls oafpr jg tkrh Fkha vFkok mudk vR;Ur vYi
i<+us vkSj fy[kus rd lhfer jg tkrk FkkA
eè; oxZ dh ckfydkvksa dks f'k{kk osQ vf/d volj izkIr FksA os fo|kè;;u osQ fy, lkekU; edrcksa esa u tkdj]
O;fDrxr :i ls fL=k;ksa }kjk vius ?kjksa ij pyk, tkus okys edrcksa esa tkdj fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dk Kku izkIr dj
ysrh FkhaA bl lEcU/ esa MkW- ;wlqiQ gqlSu osQ vuqlkjμ¶futh ?kjksa esa ckfydkvksa dks /k£ed f'k{kk iznku djus
osQ fy, edrc Fks] tgk¡ vf/d vk;q dh efgyk,¡ mudks oqQjku] xqfyLrk¡] cksLrk¡ vkSj lnkpkj dh iqLrosaQ
i<+krh FkhaA¸

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