Page 240 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_HINDI
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funsZ'ku rFkk ijke'kZ
uksV nsdj mudh detksfj;ksa osQ dkj.k dk irk yxk;k tkrk gSA bu detksfj;ksa osQ mipkj gsrq lq/kjkRed vuqns'ku rFkk
f'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA
Nk=kksa dh ifjyfC/;ksa }kjk vxyh d{kk esa fdu fo"k;ksa dks fy;k tk, blosQ fy, funsZ'ku fn;k tkrk gSA 'kSf{kd
ifjyfC/;k¡] Nk=k osQ ckSf¼d Lrj] vfHk#fp;ksa rFkk vfHko`fr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS] ijUrq fof'k"V funsZ'ku esa Nk=kksa
dh fu"ifÙk;ksa dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA f'k{kk ekiu osQ vUrxZr nks izdkj osQ euksoSKkfud ijh{k.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSμ
(1) fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k (Achievement Test), rFkk
(2) funkukRed ijh{k.k (Diagnostic Test)A
bu ijh{k.kksa dk fooj.k ;gk¡ fn;k x;k gSμ
24-1 fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k (Achievement Test)
'kSf{kd ekiu esa fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa dk fo'ks"k egRo gS] fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa dk iz;ksx lHkh izdkj dh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa
esa fd;k tkrk gSA fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa osQ }kjk ;g ekiu fd;k tkrk gS fd Nk=kksa us d{kk esa i<+k;s x;s fo"k;ksa dh
ikB~;oLrq osQ lEcU/ esa fdruk lh[kk gSA bl izdkj osQ ijh{k.kksa esa lEiw.kZ ikB~;oLrq ij iz'u iwNs tkrs gSaA vkSj
lgh mÙkjksa osQ fy, vad nsdj mudk ;ksx dj fy;k tkrk gS] ftls izkIrkad dgrs gSaA bl izdkj fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k
esa ikB~;oLrq osQ lh[kus dks fo'ks"k egRo fn;k tkrk gSA
vk/qfud ;qx esa fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k esa ikB~;oLrq dk LFkku xkS.k gks x;k gS] D;ksafd f'k{k.k osQ }kjk mís';ksa dh izkfIr
djrs gSaA vr% ikB~;oLrq mís';ksa dks izkIr djus dk ,d lk/u gS] lkè; ugha] bl izdkj fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa dks vc
ekun.M ijh{k.k (Criterion Test) dgrs gSaA ijh{k.k mís'; osQfUnzr gks x;k gSA
fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k ls ekun.M ijh{k.k vf/d mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA D;ksafd ekun.M ijh{kk ls Nk=kksa osQ ekufld fodkl
osQ Lrj dk cks/ gksrk gSA tSlsμnks Nk=kksa us leku vad izkIr fd,] ,d us ikB~;oLrq dks jVdj osQ vkSj nwljs
us ikB~;oLrq dks cks/xE; djosQA nksuksa osQ leku vad gksus ij Hkh nwljk Nk=k igys ls mÙke gS] ;k vPNk gSA
D;ksafd mldk ekufld Lrj cks/xE; rd gSA
bl rF; dks ,d vU; mnkgj.k ls Li"V dj ldrs gSaA rqylh vkSj dchj osQ ogh nksgs izkFkfed Lrj ij ,oa
mPp Lrj ij i<+k;s tkrs gSa] bl izdkj nksuksa Lrjksa ij ikB~;oLrq leku gS] ijUrq izkFkfed Lrj ij ekufld
dk;Z jVus rd lhfer gS] ,oa mPp Lrj ij cks/xE; ,oa lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr rd gksrk gSA
f'k{k.k mís';ksa dh izkfIr] Nk=kksa osQ O;ogkj ifjorZuksa osQ :i esa dh tkrh gS] Nk=kksa osQ O;ogkj ifjorZu ls muosQ
ekufld Lrj dk cks/ gksrk gSA bl vè;k; esa fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k vFkok ekun.M ijh{k.k dk foospu ,d lkFk
fd;k x;k gS] D;ksafd nksuksa dk vk/kj f'k{k.k dh ikB~;oLrq gSA
24-2 fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k dk ekiu (Achievement Test Measures)
ckyd dh ekufld {kerkvksa ,oa vfHkizsj.kk osQ xq.kuiQy dks fu"ifÙk dgrs gSaA fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa }kjk 'kSf{kd
mís';ksa dh izkfIr dh iqf"V djrs gSa] fu"ifÙk ijh{k.kksa dh lgk;rk ls lh[ks gq, Kku vFkok 'kSf{kd miyfC/;ksa
dk cks/ gksrk gSA budks lk/kj.kr;k nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj ldrs gSaA
(1) KkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Cognitive Outcomes of Education) rFkk
(2) vKkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Non-Cognitive Outcomes of Education)A
(1) KkukRed 'kSf{kd miyfC/ (Cognitive Outcomes of Education)—f'k{kk esa 'kks/dk;ks± osQ }kjk bu
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