Page 110 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_HINDI

'kSf{kd izcUèku

uksV osQ lanHkZ esa gq, vFkok ughaA ;fn gq, rks fdl lhek rdA ;fn fcYoqQy ugha gq, rks f'k{k.k dk;Z esa D;k ifjorZu
fd;k tk, fd mís'; izkIr gks tk,¡A bl izdkj vfèkxe mís';ksa osQ vuqlkj f'k{k.k rFkk ijh{k.k dk lkFk&lkFk
pyrs jguk gh ewY;kadu dgykrk gSA dksBkjh vk;ksx us ewY;kadu dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ¶ewY;kadu
,d fujUrj pyus okyh izfØ;k gSA leLr f'k{kk Øe dk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gS vkSj bl izdkj bldk 'kSf{kd
mís';ksa ls ?kfu"B lEcUèk gSA¸
(b) ewY;kadu dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ (Main Characteristic of Evaluation)μewY;kadu osQ vFkZ osQ lEcUèk esa
mi;qZDr fooj.k ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ewY;kadu dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- O;kid izfØ;k (Comprehensive Process)μewY;kadu ,d O;kid izfØ;k gSA blesa fucUèkkRed ijh{kk
dh Hkkafr fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ osQoy KkukRed (Cognitives) i{k dh gh tk¡p ugha gksrh oju~ muosQ HkkokRed
(Affective) rFkk fØ;kRed (Cognitive) i{k esa gksus okys lHkh ifjorZuksa dh tk¡p Hkh ljyrkiwoZd gksrh
gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ewY;kadu }kjk fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ O;fDrRo lEcUèkh 'kkjhfjd] ekufld] laosxkRed rFkk lkekftd
,oa uSfrd lHkh i{kksa esa gksus okys O;ogkjksa dh tk¡p dh tkrh gSA bl izdkj ewY;kadu fo|k£Fk;ksa dh ijh{kk
osQ fy, ,d vR;Ur O;kid fofèk gSA blesa ekiu rFkk tk¡p nksuksa fufgr gSaA
2- fujUrj pyus okyh izfØ;k (Continuous Process)μfucUèkkRed ijh{kk osQ vUrxZr fo|k£Fk;ksa dh o"kZ
esa nks vFkok rhu ckj ijh{kk ysdj ifj.kkeksa osQ vkèkkj ij d{kksUufr dj nh tkrh gSA ;g ckr ewY;kadu
osQ lkFk ugha gSA ewY;kadu ,d fujUrj pyus okyh ,slh izfØ;k gS ftldk vfèkxe mís';ksa ls ?kfu"B lEcUèk
gksrk gSA blosQ vUrxZr 'kSf{kd mís';ksa osQ vuqlkj fo|kFkhZ esa okaNuh; lh[kus osQ vuqHko (Learning
Experiences) mRiUu fd, tkrs gSa rFkk muosQ fnu izfrfnu gksus okys O;kogkfjd ifjorZuksa (Behavioural
Changes) dk ys[kk&tks[kk j[kk tkrk gSA blh ys[kk&tks[kk osQ vkèkkj ij fo|k£Fk;ksa dk Lrjhdj.k
(Ranking) fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mUgsa vxyh d{kk esa p<+k;k tkrk gSA
3- lkekftd izfØ;k (Social Process)μewY;kadu ,d lkekftd izfØ;k gSA mlosQ vUrxZr tgk¡ ,d vksj
O;fDrRo osQ lHkh i{kksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gS ogk¡ nwljh vksj ;g bl ckr dh tk¡p Hkh djrh gS fd
f'k{k.k dk lapkyu lekt dh vko';drkvksa] vkn'kks± rFkk ekun.Mksa osQ vuqlkj gqvk vFkok ughaA
4- fooj.kkRed izfØ;k (Descriptive Process)μewY;kadu ,d fooj.kkRed izfØ;k gSA blesa fo|k£Fk;ksa
osQ lHkh i{kksa esa gksus okyh izxfr dk fooj.k fn;k tkrk gSA
5- lgdkjh izfØ;k (Co-operative Process)μewY;kadu ,d lgdkjh izfØ;k gSA lS¼kfUrd ijh{kk esa
rks fo|kFkhZ dh d{kksUufr dk Ïksr fo|kFkhZ gh gksrk gSA og viuh mÙkj&iqLrd esa tSlk fy[krk gS mls
oSlk gh iQy fey tkrk gSA ewY;kadu esa fo|kFkhZ] f'k{kd rFkk vfHkHkkod vkfn lHkh Ïksrksa dk vko';d
lg;ksx izkIr djrs gq, vko';d lkexzh ,df=kr dh tkrh gSA rRi'pkr~ mldh izxfr dk ewY;kadu
fd;k tkrk gSA
6- fu.kZ;kRed izfØ;k (Decisive Process)μewY;kadu ,d fu.kZ;kRed izfØ;k gSA blosQ }kjk ;g fu.kZ;
fn;k tkrk gS fdμ(v) dksbZ oLrq vFkok izfØ;k mi;ksxh gS vFkok ugha] (c) fuèkkZfjr fd, gq, 'kSf{kd
mís';ksa osQ vuqlkj f'k{k.k fdl lhek rd liQy gqvk] (l) fo|k£Fk;ksa dks d{kk esa fn, x, lh[kus osQ
vuqHko (Learning Experiences) izHkkoksRiknd jgs vFkok ugha rFkk (n) f'k{k.k osQ mís';ksa dks fdrus
vPNs <ax ls izkIr fd;k x;k gSA ;fn izkIr ugha fd;k x;k rks D;k mipkjkRed (Remedial) vuqns'ku
fn;k tk, vFkok f'k{k.k uhfr;ksa (Teaching Strategies) esa D;k lqèkkj fd;k tk,A la{ksi esa] ewY;kadu
'kSf{kd fu"ifr dk ekiu rks djrk gh gS lkFk esa f'k{k.k dh izfØ;k dks lqèkkjrk Hkh gSA
(c) ewY;kadu esa rhu izeq[k in (Three Important Steps in Evaluation)
ewY;kadu ,d fujUrj pyus okyh izfØ;k gS blesa fuEufyf[kr rhu in gksrs gSaμ

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