Page 262 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_HINDI

'kSf{kd izcU/u

uksV 7- lkekftd lek;kstu dh ;ksX;rkμmijksDr f'k{kd dh ;ksX;rk,sa lEHko gS fd ,d lkFk lHkh ;ksX;rk,sa
fdlh Hkh O;fDr esa u gksa] ijUrq ,d vkn'kZ izHkkoh f'k{kd osQ p;u osQ fy, bu ;ksX;rkvksa ij è;ku fn;k
tkuk pkfg,A
f'k{kd dk p;uμ mi;qZDr xq.kksa osQ o.kZu osQ vuq:i f'k{kd dk feyuk loZFkk dfBu gSA izkphu Íf"k fcjys
gh Fks o f'k{kk Hkh loZlqyHk ugha FkhA osQoy jktk vFkok mPp oxhZ; 'kkld] czkã.k gh f'k{kk osQ ik=k FksA ijUrq
tc lkjs ns'k osQ ckydksa ^lHkh dks f'k{kk* O;oLFkk djuh gks] rks rc gtkjksa vkSj yk[kksa f'k{kdksa dk p;u mi;qZDr
of.kZr xq.kksa osQ vk/kj ij djuk laHko ugha gSA vke f'k{kk osQ izkjEHk osQ ckn tks vuqHko gq, gSa] rn~uqlkj vktdy
f'k{kd osQ p;u dh izfozQ;k fuf'pr dh xbZ gSA
fu'p; gh f'k{kd tSls egÙoiw.kZ in ij p;u lko/kuhiwoZd fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ,rnFkZ lexz ns'k esa f'k{kd
O;olk; esa izos'k osQ pquko osQ fy, izh- ch- ,M- VsLV dk izko/ku fd;k x;k gS] rkfd f'k{kd] f'k{k.k dk;Z esa
izos'k ysus ls iwoZ izf'kf{kr gks vkSj izf'kf{kr ogh O;fDr gks ftlesa f'k{kd gksus dh ik=krk gksA vr% izkFkfed f'k{kd
o ekè;fed Lrj osQ f'k{kd osQ fy, izh- Vh- lh-@izh- ch- ,M- tkap esa ekufld ;ksX;rk] f'k{kd vfHko`fÙk o
vfHk{kerk] lkekU; Kku o Hkk"kk;h n{krk dh tkap dk izko/ku fd;k x;k gSA bl tkap esa ojh;rk ozQe esa liQy
vk'kkfFkZ;ksa dks gh f'k{kd izf'k{k.k osQ fy, p;u fd;k tkrk gSA izkFkfed Lrj ij nks o"kZ rFkk ekè;fed Lrj osQ
f'k{kdksa osQ fy, ,d o"kZ osQ izf'k{k.k dk izko/ku gSA izos'kkFkZ izkFkfed Lrj osQ f'k{kd osQ fy, 10$2 rFkk ekè;fed
Lrj osQ f'k{kd osQ fy, Lukrd@vf/Lukrd ;ksX;rk Lukrd Lrj ij de ls de 45» vad izkIr djkuk vko';d
gSaA vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr osQ vk'kkfFkZ;ksa dks 5» de vgZrk dh xbZ gSA
izf'k{k.k osQ ckn jkT; esa gq, fjDr LFkkuksa ij iqu% esfjV ozQkbVsfj;k ij lk{kkRdkj osQ ckn r`rh; xzsM osQ fy, jkT;
f'k{kk lsok osQ fy, ftyk f'k{kk vf/dkjh rFkk xzkeh.k {ks=k osQ iapk;r jkT; izko/kuksa osQ vUrxZr ftyk ifj"knsa
f'k{kdksa dk p;u djrh gSaA f}rh; xzsM osQ p;u mif'k{kk lapkyd osQ v/hu gSaA ofj"B xzsM~l osQ fy, jktLFkku
ifCyd lfoZl deh'ku vf/o`Qr gSA ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx us f'k{kk p;u osQ fy, fuEu laLrqfr dh gSμ
(1) leLr izdkj osQ fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa osQ p;u o fu;qfDr osQ fy, ,d gh uhfr gksuh pkfg,A
(2) LFkkuh; ,oa futh laLFkkvksa osQ fy, Hkh p;u lfefr gks] ftlesa iz/kukè;kid ,d lnL; osQ :i esa vo';
jgsA
(3) izf'kf{kr f'k{kd dh fu;qfDr ,d o"kZ osQ izksos'ku ij gksuh pkfg,A

(4) ekè;fed Lrj rd osQ fy, Lukrd rFkk mPp ekè;fed Lrj rd ;ksX;rk vf/Lukrd gksuh pkfg,A

f'k{kdksa osQ p;u dk D;k vk/kj gksrk gS\

f'k{kdksa dk O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k mUu;u
vè;kid osQ fof'k"V egÙo dks ns[krs gq, vè;kid f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kj vko';d gSA blosQ fy, fuEufyf[kr
dne mBk;s tkus vko';d gSaμ
(1) fo"k; vk/kfjr lqfu;ksftr vfHkU;kl dk;ZozQeksa (vksfj,UVs'ku izksxzke) dk vk;kstu fd;k tk;sA gky gh
esa lsokjr f'k{kdksa osQ fy, fu;fer izf'k{k.k osQ fy, izkFkfed d{kkvksa osQ f'k{kdksa&r`rh; xzsM osQ fy,
MkbVl f}rh; xzsM osQ f'k{kdksa osQ fy, ^vè;kid&f'k{kk dkWyst* (CTES) rFkk ofj"B@twfu;j izkè;kidksa
osQ fy, mPp vè;;u f'k{kk laLFkkuksa (IASES) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA

(2) uohu ikB~;&fof/;ksa] f'k{k.k laO;wguksa o f'k{k.k izfrekuksa ls ifjp; osQ lkFk&lkFk vko';drkuqlkj muosQ
iz;ksx dk vH;kl djk;k tkuk pkfg,A

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