Page 380 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes (v) _______ has clarified the nature of aptitude.
(a) Bingham (b) Freeman
(c) Binet (d) Cruz
(vi) Aptitude is _______.
(a) Hereditary (b) Administrative
(c) Reserved (d) Subjective
(vii) Differential aptitude test is also called _______ .
(a) Specified aptitude test (b) Battery type test
(c) Mechanical adaptibility (d) Mechanical knowledge test

32.3 Measurement of Personality

32.3.1 Meaning and Definition of Personality
Personality of a person is generally perceived as his physical get up, behavioural skill and the status
that he enjoys in the society. However, it is something more than this. The form of personality has
been analysed chiefly by philosophers, anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists. Ancient Indian
scriptures Vedas have accepted human personality as the development of physique, mind and soul.
In the Upanishads, personality is considered to be the sum total of physical self (Annamaya Kosa
and Pranamaya Kosa), mental self (Manomaya Kosa and Vijnanamaya Kosa) and spiritual self
(Anandamaya Kosa and Atman). In Yoga philosophy, personality is considered to be the sum total
of body, mind, intellect, ego and soul. According to Indian philosophy, the more a person’s body,
mind, intellect, ego and soul have developed, the more developed his personality is. However,
today we are neither able to understand the form of mind, intellect, ego and soul, nor are able to
measure their development, so we are not able to understand the concept of personality in this
form.

Cattell first selected 4,500 traits out of the 18,000 traits given by Allport. After this,
he removed the synonyms and selected 200 traits. At last, he selected only 35 traits
after factor analysis. On this basis, his theory is also called the Factorial System
Theory.

32.3.2 Nature and Characteristics of Personality
The psychologists are not in agreement regarding the concept of personality. How can then the
nature of personality be described in a definite form ! However, the different views of different
psychologists regarding personality and the facts that they have found out about it may be presented
as the nature of personality or characteristics of personality.
1. Personality is a Multi-Dimensional Concept : A person’s personality comprises of both his
innate powers and acquired traits. The important among them are : physical and mental health,
self-consciousness, will power, sociability, adjustability, and developmental continuity. The
more factors a persons has the more developed his personality is.
2. The Permanent Traits and Abilities of a Person are the Part of His Personality : Permanent
traits are those qualities which are always expressed in one’s behavious. And permanent abilities
mean those abilities which a person always makes use of. It has been seen that persons often
assume some traits according to time and circumstances which they forsake with the change
in time and circumstances. The psychologists do not consider such traits as part of their
personality. The psychologists consider only those traits as part of a person’s personality with
which he is always attached and which are always expressed in his thought and behaviour.

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