Page 381 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Unit 32 : Measurement of Attitude, Aptitude, Personality and Intelligence

3. Personality is the Integrated Structure of Different Traits and Abilities : The personality of Notes
a person is not the sum total of his innate powers and acquired traits and abilities, rather it is
a specific structure. As the sum total of bricks and cement does not make a house, rather a
house is a specific structure made from them, in the same way, a person’s personality is not
the sum total of his traits and abilities, but is a specific structure made of them. And as the
concept of house is in itself a complete organised structure, in the same way, the concept of
personality is also complete and organised in itseif.

The Indian yogic psychologists claim to increase intelligence by 30 to 45% by yogic
exercise, but doing such yogic exercise is a difficult task. Only a few persons can
perform the mediation, and the remaining persons have to depend on their hereditary
intelligence.

32.3.3 Types of Personality
Different disciplines have determined different types of personality. We shall describe only those
types which have been determined by the psychologists.

(I) Classification on the Basis of Physical Constitution
Some psychologists have classified personality on the basis of physical constitution. Of them,
we have already discussed the theory of physical constitution as propounded by W.H. Sheldon.
Now we present the classification done by psychologist Kretschmer.
1. Asthenic : Kretschmer has placed those persons in this group who are tall and weak
and often like to live alone and enjoy criticising others, out do not tolerate their own
criticism.
2. Athletic : Kretschmer has placed those persons in this group who are healthy sound
and strong and have the capacity to adjust well.
3. Pynic : Kretschmer has placed those persons in this group who are short in height but
healthy, easy going and entertaining.
(II) Classification on the Basis of Nature
Psychologist Gallen has classified persons on the basis of their nature into four classes :
1. Chalenic : Gallen has placed strong and offensive nature persons in this group. The
persons of this group become angry soon.
2. Melancholy : Gallen has placed the persons suffering from anxiety in this group. Such
persons are often melancholic, suppressed and pessimist.
3. Phlegmatic : Gallen has placed down hearted persons in this group. Such persons are
often peace loving and lazy.
4. Sanguine : Gallen has placed the enthusiastic persons in this group. Such persons are
optimist and active.
32.3.4 Measurement
In the present times, the analysis of personality and its measurement was started by the western
psychologists. They have developed several methods of measurement of personality. The
psychologists of our country are blindly following them. In the meantime, the methods that have
been developed for the measurement of personality, can be divided into two groups—Non-projective
methods and Projective methods. Some of the non-projective methods are subjective and someone
are objective. The chief methods under subjective methods are—Observation Method, Interview

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