Page 382 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes Method, Questionnaire Method, Case History Method and Autobiographical Method. Under the
objective methods, the chief methods are—Controlled Observation Method, Rating Scale,
Physiological Tests and Situation Tests. The important projective methods include Association
Technique, Construction Technique, Completion Technique, Ordering Technique, and Expression
Technique. Under the expression Tests, the important are—Rorschach Ink Blot Test, Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT) and Children Apperception Test (CAT).

(I) Subjective Methods of the Measurement of Personality
Subjective methods of measurement of personality are those methods whose measurement
results are influenced by the views, likes and dislikes and personal norms of the measurer. The
following are such methods :
1. Observation Method : Under this method, the measurer observes the behaviour to the subject
and finds out the personality traits present in him.
He also finds out the quantity or degree in which these traits are present in him-whether in
excessive, normal or deficient measure. Psychologists Thorndike and Jersield used this method
in the beginning.
The most important characteristic of this method is that the measurer looks at all the
characteristics (personality traits) of the subject by his own eyes and understand them by his
own mind and he does not need any measuring tool.
However, this method also has its shortcomings. First, it takes much time in the measurement
of one’s personality. Second, the result of measurement depends on the measurer and as
such they are subjective and not objective.
2. Interview Method : Under this method, the measurer and subject are before each other, the
measurer asks personality related questions and the subject answers them, This task can be
performed in a formal way or in an informal way.
The most important characteristic of this method is that the measurer establishes rapport
with the subject, so the subject even tells the secret or confidential facts too. Second, some of
the characteristics of the subject which cannot be known by other methods can be known by
this method; for example, self-confidence and style of expression. This method can also be
used to confirm the data gathered by other methods. This method is chiefly used to find out
the problems of the subject for providing personal guidance.
But this method consumes much time in the measurement of one personality because the
measurement of the personality of one person is done at one time. It takes much time and
energy. Moreover, it is a subjective method and its results are not reliable.

3. Questionnaire Method : It is also called Inventory Method. It is the formal and written
form of interview method. Under this method, questions are formed on various aspects of a
person’s personality, such as intelligence, ability, emotions, ideals, values and sociability,
etc., and they are listed.
These lists are called personality inventory. These inventories are distributed to the subject
or subjects. They are asked to answer on these inventories or on attached answer sheets.
4. Case History Method : It is also called Life History Method. Under this method, general
information about the subject from birth to the present time is collected; such as physical
health, maturity, intelligence, family relations, social relations, education, personal
problems, etc. The measurer gathers these informations by two means, one from the
subject directly and the other from related person, such as parents, neighbours, class-
fellows, etc.
In the field of education, this method is chiefly used to find out the causes of child
delinquency. In the field of medicine, the psychologists make use of this method.

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