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Unit 32 : Measurement of Attitude, Aptitude, Personality and Intelligence

take interest in other physical activities, such as games, dance, etc. Such children become Notes
skilled artisans and engineers.
2. Abstract Intelligence : The intelligence that helps the human beings in acquiring bookish
knowledge, knowledge about different facts, thinking and finding out solutions to problems,
has been termed as abstract intelligence by Thorndike. It is abstract because it is helpful in
abstract contemplation and problem-solving. The children endowed with more of this type of
intelligence take more interest in book study and contemplation. Such children become good
advocates, doctors, teachers, composers, artists and philosophers
3. Social Intelligence : The intelligence that helps the human beings in adjusting in the society
and taking part in social activities, has been termed as social intelligence by Thorndike. The
children endowed with more of this type of intelligence adjust with family members, friends
and fellow-students and take interest in social activities. Such children become good
businessmen, social workers and politicians.
32.4.4 Measurement of Intelligence
The history of intelligence measurement is very long. In the ancient times in our country, the estimate
of a person’s intelligence was taken from his ability to learn, memorise, reason and imagine. After
the development of astrology, the horoscope was studied to tell whether a person will possess high,
medium or low intelligence. The palmists tell this fact by reading the lines on palms. Some people
are able to estimate a person’s intelligence by looking at the structure of face, nose, ear and forehead.
Measurement of children’s intelligence by asking riddles is a common method. But all these methods
only estimate which person is intelligent and who is not; but it cannot be told how much intelligent
one is.
Binet and Simon considered mental activities such as decision, memory, reasoning and numerical
abilities as the basis of intelligence measurement. They constructed several questions related to
these activities and administered them on several children. Finally, they selected only 30 questions
and arranged them in order of difficulty from easy to difficult and gave them the shape of an
intelligence test. This test was published in 1905. After this in 1911, they published its amended
form. In the Binet-Simon test, a child who answers all the questions meant for his age group correctly
is of general intelligence, and the child who also answers some questions determined for children
above his age, is of high intelligence; and the child who is not able to answer the questions determined
for his age group is considered of low intelligence. At that time, William Stern had suggested the
use of intelligence quotient (I.Q.). I.Q. is obtained by dividing child’s mental age by his chronological
age and multiplying it by 100.
Mental Age (M.A.)
Intelligence Quotient (I.Q) = × 100
Chronological Age (C.A.)

32.4.5 Chronological Age and Mental Age
Measurement of a child’s or person’s intelligence is done in the ratio of his mental age and
chronological age. Therefore, let us understand what are they.
Chronological Age
In the context of intelligence test, the chronological age of a child or person is the age which is at the
time of appearing in the intelligence test. Because, the development of a person’s intelligence is
complete by 16 years of age, the persons with more than 16 years of age are also considered to be of
16 years of choronological age.
The chronological age is calculated in years, months and days. For that convenience of calculation,
15 or more days are counted as one month. For example, If the chronological age of a child is 6 years
3 months and 4 days at the time of appearing in the intelligence test, it will be considered to be 6
years end 3 months; and if it is 6 years 3 months and 16 days, it will be considered to be 6 years and

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