Page 392 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes (i) Thurston’s Method of Paired Comparison : In this method, some statements are prepared
about a psychological object.
(ii) There are faced some problems in measuring attitude by method of paired comparison.
(iii) Lickert, developed a new method for the construction of attitude scale for measuring attitude.
This method is based on a simple and clear process. The name of this method or technique
is—Method of Summated Rating.
(iv) The method of successive difference developed by Suffir is an improved form of Thurston’s
and Chave’s Equal Appearing Intervals method.
(v) This method is quite different from other methods. In the attitude scale prepared by this
method, the statements concerned with the general subject are in pairs.
(vi) Scale Discrimination Technique : This method was developed by Edward and Kilpatric. In
it, the merits of all methods have been included.
• The administration of all attitude tests is almost similar but their scoring is done differently.
(i) Attitude tests measure students’ attitude towards different objects, persons, activities and
thoughts, etc.
(ii) Attitude tests can be used to find out their favourable and unfavourable attitudes.
(iii) Favourable attitudes of the students are developed.
(iv) Attempt is made to diminish the unfavourable attitudes.
• The attitudes of the students are subject to change, so the limitations of attitudes measured at
one time cannot be applied at another time.
• Aptitude is that hereditary ability, capacity or potential of a person which develops by
environment, teaching and training, and which helps a person to get success in a particular
field.
• Bingham has clarified the nature of aptitude in the following points :
(i) Aptitude of a person is the total sum of his present qualities which points towards the future
capacities.
(ii) A particular aptitude of a person indicates his fitness for doing a particular task.
(iii) Aptitude is an abstract noun and not a concrete object or ability, which expresses a specific
quality in the whole personality of a person.
• An aptitude test is one designed to measure a person’s potential ability in an activity of a
specialised kind and within a restricted range. — Freeman
• The aptitude tests can be divided into three types keeping in view their nature :
(i) General Aptitude Tests : These tests are used to measure general abilities; such as general
intelligence, mental, ability, general creativity, learning ability, etc.
(ii) Differential Aptitude Tests : In these tests, there is a series of sub-tests within a test to
measure some specific abilities. These are also called ‘batterv-type’tests. These tests are used
to measure specific abilities.
(iii) Specified Aptitude Tests : These are the tests which are used to measure aptitude of a person
or student in a specific field; for example, music aptitude test, teach in aptitude test.
• Aptitude is measured by several methods. One of them is testing method.
(i) At first, suitable seating arrangement for the subject/subiects is mad. Care is taken that there
is light and air in the room in sufficient measure, and there is not any kind of disturbance or
noise in the vicinity.
(ii) Having made proper seating arrangement for the subjects, rapport is established with them
and they are brought in normal mental condition.

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