Page 391 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Unit 32 : Measurement of Attitude, Aptitude, Personality and Intelligence

(vi) According to Hebb, intelligence is of two types : intelligence A and intelligence B. Notes
(vii) CAVD test was prepared by psychologist Binet.
(viii) The unitary theory of intelligence was propounded by psychologist spearman.
32.5 Summary

• The mental feeling of a person towards an object, person, activity or thought is generally
known as his attitude towards that object, person, activity or thought.
• An attitude is the degree of positive or negative effect associated with some psychological
object.
• Attitudes are the mental feelings of a person towards an object, person, activity or thought
which are developed by his own experiences regarding that object, person, activity or thought
and which direct him to react to these accordingly.
• On the basis of foregoing discussion, the nature and characteristics of attitude may be
summarised as follows :
(i) Attitude is a mental talent of a person towards an object, person, activity or thought.
(ii) Attitude can be either positive or negative.
(iii) Attitude is related to one’s own experiences.
(iv) Emotions prove helpful in the development of attitude.
(v) Development of attitudes occurs due to social relations.
• Types of Attitudes
• Attitudes are generally classified as follows :
(i) Positive Attitude : When a person likes and accepts an object, person, activity or thought
and is attracted towards it and tries to adjust himself according to that object, person, activity
or thought. it is called his positive attitude towards that object, person, activity or thought.
(ii) Negative Attitude : When a person dislikes and rejects an object, activity or thought and
tries to make distance from that object, person, activity or thought, it is called his negative
attitude towards such object, person, activity or thought.
(iii) General Attitude : The attitude which is expressed in general or collective term towards an
object, person, activity or thought is called general attitude, such as motherly affection towards
women.
(iv) Specific Attitude : The attitude which is specifically expressed towards an object, person,
activity or thought is called specific attitude; such as, special love and devotion to one’s own
mother.
• Measurement of attitude has been undertaken since ancient times in our country.
• Behavioural Techniques
Those techniques are included in behavioural techniques by which day-to-day behaviour of a
person is observed or questions are asked directly from him to measure his attitude.
(i) Method of Direct Observation : In this method measurement of attitudes of a person is done
by observing his daily routine.
(ii) Method of Direct Questioning : In this method, the measurement of attitudes of a person is
done by asking questions to him directly.
• Psychological Techniques
In order to eradicate the shortcomings of the behavioural techniques of measuring attitudes,
the psychologists have developed various other methods.

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