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Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes

Though this method was first used by Facner, a psycho-physicist, yet the first
publication of such a method was done by Galton in 1889 At present, this method is
used the most.

(ii) Numerical Scale : It is also of two types. In one, some personality traits are given
and the determiner is expected to mark 1 for the trait in highest quantity, and mark
2 for comparatively less quantity, and 3, 4 and 5 on the descending quantities. The
other numerical scale contains 3, 5 or 7 personality related traits and the determiner
is expected to mark 1 for the trait in highest quantity and mark 3, 5 or 7 for the least
one; for example : give 1 mark for the trait in highest quantity, 2 marks for the trait
less than that, and 3, 4 and 5 for others in descending order :
Truth Non-violence Non-thievery Renunciation Celibacy
(iii) Graphic Scale : In it, in place of awarding marks to a personality trait, it is expressed
by marking a point on the horizontal line of the graph. This horizontal line is also
called continuum. The measurer finds out the quantity of personality or trait on the
basis of distance among points. This type of rating scale is used very rarely.
(iv) Ordering Scale : In it, in place of related questions or statements pertaining to a
personality trait, several personality traits are presented together and they are
ordered by the subject according to the weightage that he awards to them. For
example : order the qualities of a teacher as per your preference :
Subject knowledge, Teaching skill, Sympathy, Sense of duty
(v) Forced Choice Scale : In it, two or more questions are given about a personality
trait, and the subject or determiner has to choose one of them for his answer; for
example :
What kind of novels do you like to read ? Social / Detective
The rating scales can be used to measure several personality traits, such as intelligence,
politeness, honesty, discipline, courage, sense of duty, contemplation, etc., but only when
the subject and determiner rates the trait correctly.
Though this method is extensively used in personality measurement, yet it has been
seen that neither the subjects give correct information about themselves nor do the
determiners determine the order correctly. Moreover, ordering is not a task meant for
all.
3. Situation Test : Under this method, the subjects are presented a real life situation or an
artificial situation resembling the real one. The subjects have to make responses toward
these situations, and the measures measures personality on the basis of these responses.
There are chiefly two types of situation tests : Sociometry and Psycho-drama.
(i) Sociometric Method : This method was constructed by J.L. Moreno in 1934. In this
method, the persons of a particular group are asked to select or leave out certain
persons on the basis of their traits. For example, to find out the most popular person
in the group, the group members can be asked to do the following :
Write the names of any three persons in order of preference whom you want to
make the group leader.
(ii) Psycho-Drama : In this method, dramas based on certain circumstances are
organised. The person whose personality traits are to be ascertained, the drama is
selected containing circumstances from his life, and this person is also asked to play
the role of a certain character. The measurer pays special attention to the activities
of this person and finds out the state of his mind on the basis of his emotions.

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