Page 234 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI
P. 234

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu




                    uksV                              Test A                            Test B
                                                         (70 −  65 )                    (60 −  50 )
                                               T = 50 + 10                    T = 50 + 60
                                                            15                             10
                                                 = 50 + 10 × .3                 = 50 + 10 × 1
                                                 = 50 + 3                       = 50 + 10
                                                 =53                            = 60
                                  mijksDr nksuksa T-Scores dh rqyuk osQ vk/kj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd ehuk{kh dh ;ksX;rk ijh{k.k ‘B’ esa vfèkd
                                  gSA
                                  Vh&ifjekik¡dksa dh 'kSf{kd ifjeki osQ {ks=k esa cM+h mi;ksfxrk gSA okLro esa Vh&ifjekik¡d izkIrk¡dksa (raw scores)
                                  osQ 'krk¡'kh; eku (percentiles) gh gSaA ;fn 75 izkIrk¡d dk Vh&ifjekik¡d 60 gS rks bldk vFkZ gksxk fd 60» fo|kFkhZ
                                  75 ls de 40» fo|kFkhZ 75 ls vf/d vad izkIr djrs gSaA
                                  Vh&ifjekik¡dksa dk iz;ksx cgqr&lh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA Vh&ifjeki ekiu (measurement) dh ,d
                                  vR;Ur lqfo/ktud ,oa mi;qDr bdkbZ gSA mlosQ }kjk ;ksX;rk vFkok {kerk osQ cgqr cM+s foLrkj (wide range
                                  of talent) dk ifjekiu fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd mldh bdkb;ksa dk foLrkj 0 ls 100 rd jgrk gSA
                                  fofHk ijh{kkvksa osQ izkIrk¡dksa dks Vh&ifjekik¡dksa esa cny nsus ij os ,d gh LosQy rFkk leku bdkb;ksa esa cny tkrs
                                  gSaA vr% mudh ijLij rqyuk dh tk ldrh gS vkSj mudks tksM+k Hkh tk ldrk gSA
                                  Vh&ifjekik¡dksa osQ egRo dks Lohdkjrs gq, xSfjV  (Garrett) egksn; fy[krs gSaμ“T-Scores have general
                                  applicability, a convenient unit and they cover a wide range of talent. Besides these advantages, T-
                                  Scores form different tests of comparability and have the same meaning since reference is always
                                  to a standard of 100 units based upon N.P.C.”

                                  mijksDr fo'ks"krkvksa osQ ckotwn Vh&ifjekik¡dksa esa ,d nks"k Hkh gksrk gS vkSj og ;g gS fd ,d vad&forj.k tks
                                  le&forfjr (normally distributed) ugha gS mls Hkh >wB&ewB le&forfjr eku fy;k tkrk gSA

                                  (4) H-izkIrk¡d (Hull Scores)—H-izkIrk¡d T-izkIrk¡d osQ gh leku gSA vUrj osQoy ;g gS fd T-izkIrk¡d esa
                                  tgk¡ Z-izkIrk¡dksa dks 10 ls xq.kk fd;k tkrk gS ogk¡ H-izkIrk¡d osQ fy;s Z-izkIrk¡d esa 14 ls xq.kk dh tkrh gSA bl
                                  izdkj H-izkIrk¡d Kkr djus dk :ikUrfjr lw=k fuEu gks tkrk gSμ
                                                               H = 50 + 14 Z
                                          X −  M
                                  tgk¡] Z =
                                            σ
                                  (5) C-izkIrk¡d (C-Scores)—C-ifjekik¡d Hkh T-ifjekik¡d dh Hkk¡fr lkekU;hÑr ekud izkIrk¡d (standard
                                  normalised scores) gSA budk izfriknu ts-ih- fxyiQMZ (J.P. Guilford) us fd;kA bl C-LosQy osQ vUrxZr
                                  ekiuh osQ izkIrkadksa dk izlkj 0 ls 10 rd gksrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z gS fd ewy ifjekik¡dksa dk izlkj (range)
                                  oqQy 11 bdkb;ksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS ftldk vkSlr (M) = 5 rFkk ekud fopyu (SD) = 2 gksrk gSA
                                  C rFkk T-ifjekik¡d fuEu lehdj.k osQ :i esa ,d nwljs ls lEcfU/r jgrs gSaμ
                                                                T = 5C + 25
                                  or,                           C = .2 T – 5
                                  C-ifjekik¡dksa dh eq[; lhek ;g gS fd bUgsa nks vadksa 0&1] 1&2 esa fy[kk tkrk gS vr% dEI;wVj ls x.kuk djrs
                                  le; iap dkMZ esa nks dkWyeksa (column) dh t:jr iM+rh gS ftlls budk iz;ksx vf/d [kphZyk gks tkrk gSA
                                  (6) LVsu izkIrk¡d (Sten-Score)— vkj- ch- oSQfVy dks tkrk gSA bl LVsu&ekiuh ij O;fDr 1 ls 10 rd vad
                                  izkIr dj ldrk gS ftldk vkSlr izkIrk¡d 5-5 gksrk gSA ifjHkk"kk osQ :i esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd ¶;s os izfreku
                                  lkekU;hÑr izkIrk¡d gSa ftudk eè;eku 5-5 rFkk ekud fopyu 2 gksrk gSA¸ (Sten scores are standard
                                  normalized score with a mean S.D. equal to 2)


        228                               LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
   229   230   231   232   233   234   235   236   237   238   239