Page 230 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV fHkUu ijh{kkvksa vFkok nks fHkUu ijh{kdksa }kjk ijh{kk yh xbZ gS rks ge mu ijh{kkvksa osQ izkIrkadksa osQ vk/kj ij ,slk
ugha dj ldrsA vr% ge izR;sd lewg osQ fo|kFkhZ osQ izkIrkadksa dk vuqekiu djosQ igys mldks ,d leku iSekus
osQ ekè;e ls O;Dr djrs gSaA nksuksa lewgksa osQ izkIrkadksa dk ,d iSekuk gks tkus ij mudh rqyuk lEHko gks tkrh
gSA rc ge crk ldrs gSa fd dkSu fo|kFkhZ lewg ml ;ksX;rk osQ lEcU/ esa Js"Brj gSA fHkUu ijh{kkvksa vFkok ijh{kdksa
osQ ewY;kadu dh ekid bdkb;ka Hkh vyx&vyx gksrh gSaA vr% mudh mUgha bdkb;ksa osQ vk/kj ij rqyuk ugha
dh tk ldrhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] I.Q. rFkk Exam marks dks tksM+k ugha tk ldrkA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij ;fn ge fgUnh]
vaxzsth] laLÑr] xf.kr] foKku vkfn ikapksa fo"k;ksa esa ijh{kkvksa osQ izkIrk¡dksa osQ oqQy ;ksx osQ vk/kj ij ;g tkuuk
pkgrs gSa fd dkSu fo|kFkhZ fdlls Js"B gS rks fofHk ijh{kdksa }kjk fn;s x;s vadksa dks lhèkk tksM+dj ,slk ugha dj
ldrs D;ksafd izR;sd ijh{kk dh ekid bdkb;k¡ rFkk izR;sd ijh{kk osQ ewY;kadu dk ekunaM fHkUu gksxkA vr% mudks
igys ge fdlh ,d leku bdkb;ksa okys vuqeki (scale) esa cnysaxsA rc mudks tksM+k tk ldrk gSA bapksa dks bapksa
esa gh tksM+k tk ldrk gS lsaVhehVj esa ughaA bl izdkj ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ifjekik¡dksa (scores of
measurement) dks ijLij tksM+us rFkk mudh rqyuk djus osQ fy;s mudks fdlh le:i ;k mHk;fu"B vuqeki
(common scale) esa cnyuk iM+rk gSA ;s vuqeki (scale) lk¡f[;dh esa dbZ izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA buosQ ekè;e ls
cnys x;s ifjekik¡dksa dks ifjo£rr ifjekik¡d (transformed scores) vFkok O;qRiUu ifjekik¡d (derived
scores) dgrs gSaA ijh{k.k izkIrkadksa dks O;Dr djus osQ nks eq[; <ax gSaμ(1) ewy izkIrkad (2) ekudh; ijh{k.k
vFkok O;qRi ifjekik¡d (derived scores) dgrs gSaA ijh{k.k izkIrkadksa dks O;Dr djus osQ nks eq[; <ax gSaμ(1)
ewy izkIrkad (2) ekudh; ijh{k.k vFkok O;qRiUu ifjekik¡dA

ifjekik¡dksa osQ vuqekiu ls ,d lqfoèkk vkSj Hkh gksrh gS og ;g fd fHkUu&fHkUu
ijh{kkvksa vFkok ;ksX;rkvksa osQ fofHkUu ifjekidksa dks vuqekiu }kjk ,d leku
vueki (Scale) esa ifjo£rr djosQ ijLij tksM+k Hkh tk ldrk gSA

ewy izkIrk¡d rFkk O;qRiUu izkrk¡d (Raw scores and Derived Scores)—ewy izkIrk¡d vius esa vFkZghu gksrs
gSaA mudh dksbZ mi;ksfxrk ugha gksrhA lk/kj.kr;k% ,d ijh{kk }kjk izkIr ifjekik¡d dh nwljh ijh{kk }kjk izkIr
ifjekik¡d ls rqyuk ugha dh tk ldrhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ,d fo|kFkhZ dh LVsuiQksMZ fcus ijh{kk }kjk izkIr I.Q. 120 gS
vkSj izksxszsflo eSfVªl }kjk izkIr ifjekik¡d 85 gS rks ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd fdlesa mldh cqf¼ iz[kj gS D;ksafd
nksuksa ijh{kkvksa dh ekid bdkb;k¡ fHkUu gSaA blh izdkj ge mijksDr nksuksa izkIr ifjekik¡dksa (obtained scores)
dks tksM+ Hkh ugha ldrsA ;g leL;k Bhd oSlh gh gS tSlh xf.kr esa 3@4] 2@3] 1@5 dks tksM+us dh ftudks fcuk
lcdk gj leku fd;s lh/s ugha tksM+k tk ldrkA lcdk gj leku dj ysus ij mudks bu ifjo£rr vFkok O;qRiUu
fHkUuksa 45@60] 40@60] 12@60 osQ :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gSA ,slk dj ysus ij fiQj mudks lh/s tksM+k Hkh tk ldrk
gS vkSj mudh ijLij rqyuk Hkh dh tk ldh gSA ,sls gh leku gj (common denominator) dh vko';drk
ekufld ijh{kkvksa osQ ifjekik¡d fdlh O;fDr osQ dk;Z lEiknu dk la[;kRed fooj.k gS tks lkekU;d ij vk/
kfjr gksrk gSA fdlh lewg fo'ks"k osQ dk;Z lEiknu dk la[;kRed fooj.k gh mlosQ lkekU; gksrs gSa ftudks dbZ <axksa
esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj O;qRiUu ifjekik¡d bl ckr dh vkSj laosQr djrk gS fd lEiw.kZ lewg es fdlh
O;fDr dh D;k fLFkfr (position) gSA
O;qRiUu ifjekik¡dksa dh fØ;k dks lk¡f[;dh esa vuqekiu (scaling) vFkok ifjekik¡dksa dk :ikUrj (transforma-
tion of scores) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA iQxwZlu osQ vuqlkj] ¶ifjekik¡dksa dk :ikUrj.k la[;kRed fujh{k.k iQyksa dh
jkf'k;ksa esa ,slk Øec¼ ifjorZu dj nsuk gS fd ftlls mudh oqQN fo'ks"krkvksa esa ifjorZu gks tkrk gS rFkk oqQN

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