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'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu
uksV (3) uokpjkRed mís'; (Innovative)μHkkoh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dh fy;s u;s dkS'ky vkSj LFkku izkIr
djus osQ fy;s mRlkfgr djukA
• fu"iknu ewY;akdu dh fof/ ,oa izfof/μ,d izHkko'kkyh vè;kid osQ vkdyu osQ fy;s vusd izfof/
;ksa dks iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS tSlsμiz'ukoyh] lk{kkRdkj] fujh{k.k izfof/ vkfn ,- ,l- ckj rFkk fety us
rhu izdkj osQ ekun.Mksa osQ iz;ksx lq>ko fn;s gSμ
(1) ;ksX;rk ekun.M (Presage Criteria)
(2) izfØ;k ekun.M (Process Criteria)
(3) mRiknu ekun.M (Product Criteria)
• laLFkk dh miyfC/;ksa dk ewY;kaduμfdlh f'k{kk laLFkk osQ ewY;kadu osQ fy, Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kdksa osQ fu"iknu
dks egRo fn;k tkrk gSA vkSj muosQ ewY;kadu esa fo|ky; osQ Lrj dk irk pyrk gSA fdlh fo|ky; dk
ijh{kkiQy fdruk jgrk gS vkSj f'k{kd fdruh izfrc¼rk ls f'k{k.k djrs gSaA blls fo|ky; dh [;kfr gksrh
gSA vkSj bUgh osQ ewY;kadu ls fo|ky; dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gS ijUrq izcU/u dh vk/qfud rduhdh us
oqQN vfHkdYiksa dk fodkl fd;k gS ftuls fo|ky; dk lh/k ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tkus yxk gSA muesa ls izpfyr
vfHkdYi iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k gSA ftldk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
• iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.kμizcU/ rduhdh (Management Technology) dk fodkl f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ le;
gqvk FkkA bl rduhdh us izcU/ fu.kZ; ysus] O;kikj] m|ksx] 'kklu rFkk lsuk dks vf/d izHkkfor fd;k gSA
bl rduhdh dks dbZ ukeksa ls lEcksf/r fd;k tkrk gS] ijUrq ;g iz.kkyh&fo'ys"k.k (System Analysis) osQ
uke ls vf/d fo[;kr gSA
• iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k dk vFkZμiz.kkyh 'kCn dk rkRi;Z ;gk¡ fo'ys"k.k rFkk fodkl ls gSA bl izR;; dh /kj.kk
gS fd izR;sd ekuo&O;ogkj laxfBr iz.kkyh osQ vax osQ :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA vkSj dksbZ iz.kkyh vius esa iw.kZ
ugha gSA blfy;s fo'ys"k.k }kjk mldh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj iz.kkyh dks izHkko'kkyh
cuk;k tk ldrk gSA bl vk;ke osQ }kjk 'kSf{kd&iz'kklu dks vf/d izHkko'kkyh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blosQ
vUrxZr ifjek.kkRed&fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gS tks iz'kkld dks fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA
• iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k osQ lksiku (Steps of System Analysis)
• izFke&lksikuμmís';ksa dk izfriknu djukA
• f}rh;&lksikuμiz.kkyh dh lEikfnr fØ;kvksa dk voyksdu djukA
• r`rh;&lksikuμiznÙkksa dk ladyu djukA
• prqFkZ&lksikuμiznÙkksa dk fo'ys"k.k djukA
• iape&lksikuμleL;k dks igpkuukA
• "k"Ve&lksikuμleL;k osQ {ks=k dh O;oLFkk djukA
• lIre&lksiku :ijs[kk (Block Diagram)μleL;k osQ {ks=k dk fu/kZj.k iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k dk vfUre lksiku
ekuk tkrk gSA
• iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k osQ izR;; rFkk fl¼kUrksa us O;oLFkk] 'kklu] O;kikj] m|ksx dkj[kkuksa rFkk lsuk dks vf/d
izHkkfor fd;k gSA bldk f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa Hkh vf/d iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA 'kSf{kd&iz'kklu] 'kSf{kd&O;oLFkk
rFkk 'kSf{kd vuqns'ku dks vf/d izHkko'kkyh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA f'k{kk ,d iz.kkyh gS blosQ vUrxZr vusdksa
miiz.kfy;k¡ lfEefyr gSaA Hkkjr esa f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ lEcU/ esa dbZ vk;ksx rFkk lfefr;k¡ cSBkbZ tkrh jgh gSa
os vius lq>ko nsrh jgh gSaA
• ewY;kadu pkgs Nk=k dk gks] ikB~;Øe dk gks vFkok dk;ZØe dk gks] izR;sd ewY;kadu dks rhu voLFkkvksa
ls xq”kjuk gksrk gS] jS'kuy] :ins; rFkk ;ksxns; ewY;kaduA ewY;kaduμjS'kuy ewY;kadu osQ vk/kj ij]
ikB~;Øe mn~ns';] ikB~;Øe izk:i ikB~;Øe dh fof/;k¡ rFkk lacaf/r ifj.kke ikB~;Øe fuekZ.k dks }kjk rS;kj
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