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bdkbZμ16% ewY;kadu lesfdr vf/xe dh fof/;k¡
fd;s tkrs gSaA dk;ZØe ewY;kaduμjS'kuy ewY;kadu osQ vk/kj ij 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe fu;ksftr rFkk fodflr uksV
fd;s tkrs gSa]A fu;kstu osQ fy, dk;ZØe dk izk:i buiqV] izfØ;k,¡ mRikndks dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
Nk=k ewY;kaduμ Nk=k ewY;kadu dh izfØ;k esa Hkh lcls igys jS'kuy ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gS] ftlosQ vuqlkj
Nk=kksa dh fofHkUu miyfC/;ksa rFkk cqf¼ dkS'kyksa osQ ewY;kadu gsrq fofHk izdkj osQ ijh{k.kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
• fofHk 'kSf{kd Lrjksa ij lekdfyr ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
(i) izkajfHkd 'kS'kokoLFkk vFkok vfr izkFkfed Lrj ij ewY;kadu dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA f'k{k.k&vf/xe
izfØ;kvksa dks ewY;kadu ls eqDr j[kuk pkfg,A
(ii) izkFkfed Lrj ij ;ksxns;] lrr~ rFkk foLr`r ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA d{kk I rFkk II esa fujh{k.k rFkk
ekSf[kd ijh{k.kksa }kjk Nk=kksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA d{kk III ls IV esa fujh{k.k rFkk ekSf[kd ijh{k.k
osQ vfrfjDr ekun.M lacaf/r ijh{k.k fy;s tkrs gSaA
16-5 'kCndks'k ( Keywords)
• lekdfyrμlexz ;ksxA
• fu"iknuμlekiuA
16-6 vH;kl&iz'u ( Review Questions)
1- lesfdr ewY;kadu vf/xe dh fof/;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
2- lekdfyd ewY;kadu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
3- ewY;kadu osQ fdrus pj.k gksrs gSa\ foospu dhft,A
4- fofHk 'kSf{kd voLFkkvksa esa ewY;kadu dh Hkwfedk dh leh{kk dhft,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. jS'kuy ewY;kadu 2. :ins; 3. ;ksxns; ewY;kadu 4. Nk=k ewY;akdu
5. vko';drkA
16-7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1. 'kSf{kd ,oa ekufld ekiuμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA
2. ekufld ekiu ,oa ewY;kaduμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA
3. f'k{k.k vf/xe dk euksfoKkuμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 221