Page 232 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV

“Z-izkIrkad osQ lkFk ge fuf'pr :i ls ;g dg ldrs gSa fd fdlh Hkh J`a[kyk esa izR;sd forj.k
dk fopyu le:i gksxk ,oa dksbZ Hkh izkIrkad vuko';d :i ls vfHkuhr eqDr gksxkA¸

(With Z-Scores we ensure that the deviation of each distribution in the series is uniform and no
score is unduly biased) blh rF; dks uquyh (Nunnally) egksn; bl izdkj O;Dr djrs gSa ¶O;kogkfjd mís';ks
osQ fy;s ;g cgq/k mi;ksxh gksrk gS fd ijh{k.k izkIrkadksa dks Z-izkIrkadksa esa :ikUrfjr dj O;Dr djsaA¸ (For
practical purposes it is usually advantageous that the test scores may be expressed in converting
Z-Scores)
(2) izeki vad (Standard Scores)—σ-ifjekik¡dksa dh mijksDr vlqfo/kvksa dks nwj djus osQ fy;s mudks ,d
nwljs LosQy osQ ekè;e ls cny dj fy[kk tkrk gSA bu :ikUrfjr σ-ifjekik¡dksa dks izeki vad (standard scores)
dgrs gSaA izeki vadksa (standard scores) dh fLFkfr esa σ-ifjekik¡dksa osQ M rFkk S.D. tks Øe'k% 0 rFkk 1 gksrs
gSa dks cny dj muosQ LFkku ij ,sls M rFkk S.D. j[k fy;s tkrs gSa fd muosQ }kjk tks :ikUrfjr vkrs gSa os lnk
iw.kk±d gksrs gSa rFkk lHkh /ukRed gksrs gSaA ;gh izekik¡d (Standard Scores) dgykrs gSaA izekik¡dksa osQ M rFkk
SD oqQN Hkh gks ldrs gSaA dHkh M = 100, SD = 15 rks dHkh M = 50, SD = 10 j[k fy;k tkrk gSA ;g lqfo/k lkexzh
(data) ij fuHkZj djrh gSA vkehZ tujy DykfliQhosQ'ku VsLV osQ ifjekik¡d (scores) ,sls izekik¡dksa (standard
scores) esa O;Dr fd;s tkrs gSa ftuosQ forj.k dk M = 100 rFkk SD = 20 gksrk gSA blh izdkj oSPlyj cSyqoh
cqf¼ ijh{kk osQ ifjekik¡dksa dks Hkh izek¡dksa esa O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA fdUrq bu ifjekik¡dksa osQ M rFkk SD Øe'k%
10 o 3 gksrs gSaA xzstq,V jsdkMZ ,Dtkehus'ku osQ izkIrkadksa dks ftu izekik¡dksa (standard scores) esa cnyk tkrk
gS muosQ M rFkk SD Øe'k% 500 vkSj 100 gksrs gSaA

izkIrk¡dksa dks izekik¡dksa (standard scores) esa cnyus dk lw=k fuEufyf[kr gSμ

X = (Y – M ) + M X
Y

tgk¡] X= izekik¡d (standard scores)
σ = ekud fopyu izekik¡d dk
X
σ = ekud fopyu (izkIr ewy vadksa dk)
Y
Y= izkIrkad (ftls izekik¡d esa :ikUrfjr djuk gS)
M = vkSlr (izkIr ewy vadksa dk)
Y
M = vkSlr izekik¡dksa dk ftuesa izkIrk¡dksa dks cnyuk gS)
X
mngj.kkFkZ] eku yhft, ,d ijh{kk osQ izkIrk¡dksa osQ fooj.k dk M = 90, SD =15 rFkk mlesa ,d fo|kFkhZ vuqHkko
osQ izkIrk¡d 66 gSa rFkk vuqjkx osQ 116 gSa rks vuqHkko rFkk vuqjkx nksuksa osQ izkIrk¡dksa dks ,sls izekik¡dksa esa cnyksa
ftudk M = 100 rFkk SD = 20 gSA

σ x
Kkr gS] X= (Y – M ) + M
σ y y x

20
vr% vuqHkko dk izkIrk¡d = (66 – 90) + 100
15

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