Page 239 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—17% ek²dx iz.kkyh % vko';drk] leL;k,¡] ?kVd

• O;qRiUu ifjekik¡dksa dh fØ;k dks lk¡f[;dh esa vuqekiu (scaling) vFkok ifjekik¡dksa dk :ikUrj uksV

(transformation of scores) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA iQxwZlu osQ vuqlkj] ¶ifjekik¡dksa dk :ikUrj.k la[;kRed
fujh{k.k iQyksa dh jkf'k;ksa esa ,slk Øec¼ ifjorZu dj nsuk gS fd ftlls mudh oqQN fo'ks"krkvksa esa ifjorZu
gks tkrk gS rFkk oqQN vifjo£rr jgrh gSA¸
• flXek ;k tSM izkIrkad (Sigma or Z-scores)μifjekik¡d ekSfyd ifjekik¡dksa (original scores) dks
flXek vuqeki (σ-scale) dh bdkb;ksa esa ifjo£rr dj nus ij izkIr gksrs gSaA flXek LosQy dk vkSlr (Mean)

lnSo 'kwU; gksrk gS rFkk og LosQy osQ Bhd chp esa fLFkr jgrk gSA ;g 'kwU; (zero) gh LosQy dh bdkb;ksa
dk vH;qís'; fcUnq (point of reference) gksrk gSA
• σ-ifjekik¡dksa dh mijksDr vlqfo/kvksa dks nwj djus osQ fy;s mudks ,d nwljs LosQy osQ ekè;e ls cny dj

fy[kk tkrk gSA bu :ikUrfjr σ-ifjekik¡dksa dks izeki vad (standard scores) dgrs gSaA izeki vadksa
(standard scores) dh fLFkfr esa σ-ifjekik¡dksa osQ M rFkk S.D. tks Øe'k% 0 rFkk 1 gksrs gSa dks cny dj
muosQ LFkku ij ,sls M rFkk S.D. j[k fy;s tkrs gSa fd muosQ }kjk tks :ikUrfjr vkrs gSa os lnk iw.kk±d gksrs
gSa rFkk lHkh /ukRed gksrs gSaA
• Z-ifjekik¡dksa dh ,d eq[; lhek ;g gksrh gS fd buesa n'keyo fpUgksa rFkk Í.kkRed ,oa /ukRed fpUgksa
dh vlqfo/k osQ dkj.k rqyukRed vè;;u djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA lkFk gh σ-LosQy bl midYiuk
(Hypothesis) ij vk/kfjr gS fd ftl vad forj.k dks s-LosQy esa ifjo£rr fd;k x;k gS og le&forfjr
(normally distributed) gSA
• H-izkIrk¡d T-izkIrk¡d osQ gh leku gSA vUrj osQoy ;g gS fd T-izkIrk¡d esa tgk¡ Z-izkIrk¡dksa dks 10 ls xq.kk
fd;k tkrk gS ogk¡ H-izkIrk¡d osQ fy;s Z-izkIrk¡d esa 14 ls xq.kk dh tkrh gSA bl izdkj H-izkIrk¡d Kkr djus
dk :ikUrfjr lw=k fuEu gks tkrk gSA
• C-ifjekik¡d Hkh T-ifjekik¡d dh Hkk¡fr lkekU;hÑr ekud izkIrk¡d (standard normalised scores) gSA

budk izfriknu ts-ih- fxyiQMZ (J.P. Guilford) us fd;kA bl C-LosQy osQ vUrxZr ekiuh osQ izkIrkadksa dk
izlkj 0 ls 10 rd gksrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z gS fd ewy ifjekik¡dksa dk izlkj (range) oqQy 11 bdkb;ksa
esa foHkDr gksrk gS ftldk vkSlr (M) = 5 rFkk ekud fopyu (SD) = 2 gksrk gSA
• LVsu&ekiuh ij O;fDr 1 ls 10 rd vad izkIr dj ldrk gS ftldk vkSlr izkIrk¡d 5-5 gksrk gSA ifjHkk"kk

osQ :i esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd ¶;s os izfreku lkekU;hÑr izkIrk¡d gSa ftudk eè;eku 5-5 rFkk ekud
fopyu 2 gksrk gSA¸ (Sten scores are standard normalized score with a mean S.D. equal to 2)
• LVsukbu ifjekik¡d LVsukbu LosQy }kjk izkIr gksrs gSaA LVsukbu LVsUMMZ ukbu STANDARD NINE dk gh laf{kIr
'kCn gSA Vh&LosQy dh bdkb;k¡ 0 ls 100 rd gksrh gSa] LVsukbu esa 1 ls 9 rdA vr% LVsukbu ,d izdkj ls
Vh&LosQy dk gh laf{kIr :i gSA nksuksa osQ fuekZ.k dk vk/kj le&lEHkkouk oØ (NPC) gSA
• 'krka'kh;] ekiuh ij ,d ,slk fcUnq gS ftlosQ uhps forj.k dk ,d fuf'pr izfr'kr vkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
;fn fdlh O;fDr dks ,d ijh{k.k ij 35oka 'krka'kh; Øe (percentile rank) izkIr gksrk gS rks bldk vFkZ
gS fd og O;fDr lewg esa 35» O;fDr;ksa ls Åij gSA
• 'krka'kh; Øe Kkr djus osQ fy;s fuEu lw=k iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSμ
i F
X = L + G H PN I
TJ
f 100 K
−
p
• ijh{kk esa izkIr fd;s x;s vadksa }kjk xzsM fcUnq vkSlr vklkuh ls fudkyk tk ldrk gS] ftlls vadksa dk ekiu
ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• ek²dx iz.kkyh esa O;ogkfjd :i ls nks izdkj dh =kqfV;k¡ gksrh gSaA

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