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bdkbZ—1% vè;kid f'k{kkμvFkZ] ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{;
O;oLFkk dks LFkkfir fd;kA bUgha LFkkuksa ij vijsfUVlf'ki O;oLFkk LowQyksa esa Hkh LFkkfir dh x;hA bldk iz;ksx uksV
d{kk esa vuq'kklu dks cuk;s j[kus osQ fy;s fd;k tkrk FkkA
ySudkLVªh;u O;oLFkk
lu~ 1819 esa caxky osQ ^dydÙkk LowQy lekt* esa ySudkLVªh;u O;oLFkk dks f'k{kdksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus osQ fy;s
'kq: fd;k x;kA loZizFke Fkkel equjks us lu~ 1826 esa f'k{kd izf'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa ;kstukc¼ iz;kl fd;kA lu~
1857 eas mÙkj izns'k esa vkxjk] esjB] cukjl vkSj bykgkckn esa oqQN LowQyksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;kA lu~ 1954
esa vè;kid izf'k{k.k osQ foLrkj osQ fy;s cq¼ dh laLrqfr;k¡ izLrkfor dh x;haA ml le; 106 ukWeZy LowQyksa
esa 4000 Nk=kkè;kidksa dks ukekafdr fd;k x;k] bl ij djhc pkj yk[k #i;ksa dk [kpZ vk;kA ml le; enzkl
vkSj ykgkSj esa ekè;fed Lrj osQ fy, nkss izf'k{k.k dkWyst FksA bu izf'k{k.k dkWystksa esa Lukrd rFkk vLukrd
Nk=k ukekafdr fd;s tkrs FksA
2- vè;kid izf'k{k.k (Teacher’s Traning) (1882&1940)μgVk±x deh'ku us lu~ 1882 esa izkFkfed f'k{kk
esa lqèkkj rFkk f'k{kdksa osQ fy;s izf'k{k.k fo|ky;ksa dh O;oLFkk ij cy fn;kA oqQN ukWeZy LowQyksa dks LFkkfir fd;k
x;k] ijUrq ekè;fed izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa dh vksj dksbZ fo'ks"k è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA
19oha 'krkCnh osQ vUr rd ns'k esa ekè;fed f'k{kdksa osQ fy;s 6 izf'k{k.k fo|ky; enzkl] ykgkSj] jkteqUnjh]
djlksek] tcyiqj vkSj bykgkckn esa FksA
fo'ofo|ky; ,sDV 1904 us ekè;fed Lrj osQ izf'k{k.k fo|ky;ksa osQ fodkl osQ fy;s laLrqfr;k¡ dha] ftlls
izf'k{k.k dkyst [kksys x;sA bu fo|ky;ksa osQ fy;s izn'kZu LowQy [kksys x;sA lu~ 1906 esa cEcbZ esa ,d izf'k{k.k
fo|ky; [kksyk x;kA lu~ 1912 esa ljdkj us laLrqfr dh fd vkèkqfud f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa mfpr ;ksX;rk izek.k&i=k
osQ vHkko esa fdlh Hkh f'k{kd dks i<+kus dh vuqefr ugha gksuh pkfg;sA
lu~ 1917 esa dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky; vk;ksx us fo'ofo|ky; esa f'k{kk foHkkx dh O;oLFkk ij cy fn;k] tksfd
izf'k{k.k fo|ky;ksa dh leL;kvksa dks gy djsaxsA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i lu~ 1921 rd 13 f'k{kk foHkkxksa dh LFkkiuk
dh x;hA
izkFkfed f'k{kd izf'k{k.k
lu~ 1929 esa gVksZx desVh us izkbejh f'k{kk osQ osQUnzksa osQ fy;s fuEufyf[kr laLrqfr;k¡ dhaμ
1- izkbejh f'k{kk osQ Lrj dks mQij mBkukA
2- vPNs vkSj izf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr djukA
3- fjizsQ'kj dkslZ dk izkoèkku djukA
4- izkbejh f'k{kk dh leL;kvksa dh [kkst djukA
bl le; rd f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk iz'kklfud Lrj bl izdkj Fkkμ
1- Lukrd Lrj (,y- Vh-)
2- bUVj Lrj (lh- Vh-)
3- izkbejh Lrj (,p- Vh- lh-)
lu~ 1854 es oqM fMLiSp us f'k{kdksa osQ izf'k{k.k vkSj f'k{kk osQ egÙo ij cy fn;kA oqM fMLiSp us vè;kid f'k{kk
dh voLFkk dk rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k vkSj vius fopkj fn;s] ftudk lUnHkZ osQoy Hkkjr rd gh lhfer FkkA
bl fjiksVZ osQ vkèkkj ij vuqnku nsus osQ fy;s ,d u;k fl¼kUr cuk;k x;kA vuqnku nsus dk vkèkkj fdlh LowQy
esa izf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh la[;k dks ekuk x;kA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i izf'kf{kr vè;kidksa dh ek¡x c<+hA blls vè;kidksa
osQ izf'k{k.k dks vfèkd egÙkk feyhA
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