Page 188 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV cM+s iSekus ij lekt dks f'kf{kr djuk gS rkfd ;g vkfFkZd :i ls vf/d çfrLi/hZ cuk,a] ;g bl rjg ds
fljksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, cuk, tkrs gSA bl laca/ esa] /hoj oS'ohÑr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds fy, ijØkE; vkSj
jpukRed dk;ZdrkZvksa dh t:jr dks iqjk djrk gSA çf'k{k.k {kerk Nk=kksa ds fy, ,d ewyHkwr {kerk dks
fodflr djuk t+:jh cukrk gS] blds vf/fu;e dks blesa yxkrkj i<+k;k vkSj çf'kf{kr fd;k tk,xkA
f'k{kdksa ds ckjs esa] oS'fod pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, vko';d lkewfgd çfrfØ;kvksa ij iqufoZpkj
djus dh t:jr gS tks f'k{k.k O;olk; dks çHkkfor dj jgs gSa] tgka 'kCn 'pqukSfr;ka' vke rkSj ij ,d lekZ;knkj
vFkZO;oLFkk }kjk 'kkfey pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dk lkeuk djuk le>k tkrk gSA f'k{kd ls vkfFkZd ço`fÙk;ksa
vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds vkyksd esa Nk=kksa dks <kyus vkSj budks çkIr djus esa l{ke gksus ds fy, ,d dk;Zcy cukus
ds fy, vko';d dkS'ky dks ikfjr djus dh mEehn dh tkrh gSA bl dh jks'kuh esa] f'k{kd f'k{kk vR;f/
d ekudhÑr gksus dh laHkkouk gSA bldk eryc gS fd f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØe jkT; }kjk ;k LFkkuh; f'k{kk
vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk fofu;fer gksrs gSA
17-3-4 vkfFkZd n{krk n`f"Vdks.k dh lhek,a (Limitations to the economic efficiency
approach)

,d uksV djuk pkfg, fd ekudhdj.k dh fn'kk esa ;g cgko ljdkj dh igy rd lhfer ugha gSA bysDVªkWfud
ehfM;k ds çHkko ds ekè;e ls] jpuk&i¼frvksa dks ikBÔØe ds jpuk fo'ks"kKksa }kjk LFkkfir dj jgs gSaA ;s
vke rkSj ij ekudhdj.k u dsoy fo"k; ds gh] Cyfd rdZ'kklz ds Hkh ftlds ekè;e ls fo"k; lh•k tkrk
gS dh vksj tkrk gSA rdZ] dbZ dfe;ksa dks 'kkfey dj ldrs gSa&tSls çf'k{kd tkaplwph f'k{kd cu tkrs gS_
muds is'ks esas tksf•e] vfu'fprrk vkSj f'k{k.k ds eksg dk vHkko gksrk gSA
blds vykok] crkrs gS fd ,d lLrk] ,d&vkdkj&lc 'ekud' dks f'k{kd f'k{kk esa fiQV cSBrk gS] og ekuo
lalk/u dh inksUufr ds laca/ esa vkSj lkekU; :i ls vFkZO;oLFkk dh çfrLi/kZRedrk ij vçHkkoh gks ldrk
gSA vFkZO;oLFkk ds Kku esa jpukRedrk] lg;ksx vkSj vkRe çca/u dh vko';drk gS_ u;k f'k{k.k fof/;ksa dks
viukus ds fy, f'k{kd ,d vf/d Lok;Ùkrk tqVkrk gS vkSj og Kku vtZu dks vf/dre djus ds fy,
ftEesnkj gSA ;s fo'ks"krk,a gSa ftlds dkj.k ekudhÑr ds çfreku dks c<+kok nsuk vlaHko gSA
f'k{kd vke lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa dks lk>k ugha dj ldrk vkSj blfy, ;g f'k{kd
f'k{kk dk ekudhdj.k djus ds fy, ,d vPNk fopkj ugha gks ldrk gSA bl laca/ esa] ;g è;ku nsus ;ksX;
gS fd bu dsfUær ço`fÙk;ksa ds ckotwn] jkT; ij lEiw.kZ çHkko ugha gSA njvly] ;gk¡ ç;ksxksa dks y{; O;kid
lkaLÑfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks ns•rs gq, cnyrs Lrjksa ij f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØe ds çnkrkvksa ds vfofu;eu
dks c<+kok nsuk gSA ,d lek/ku dks vke rkSj ij bu fofHkUu dkjdksa ds lkFk cuk;k tkrk gS tks f'k{kdksa dh
igpku cukrk gSA
17-3-5 vkiwfrZ@ekax vkSj vkfFkZd {kerk&nksuksa ds n`f"Vdks.k dh lhek,a (Supply/demand
and economic efficiency & limitations to both approaches)

bu n`f"Vdks.kksa ds chp erHksn (O;fÙkQxr ilan vkSj cktkj dh 'kfÙkQ;ksa cuke fofu;eu vkSj ekudhdj.k) ds
ckotwn] f'k{kdksa ds ckjs esa] ;g n`f"Vdks.k f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk dks vuns•k djds ;g f'k{kdksa dks iwathoknh@oS'fod
vkfFkZd ds çfrekuksa <kyus tks os Lohdkj djrs gSa mlij ;g fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku dsafær djrs gSA f'k{kdksa dks
cM+s iSekus ij vFkZO;oLFkk ds ek=k dk;ksaZ ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS] okLro esa Nk=kksa dks tks bu çfrekuksa dks
iwjk dj bjknk dj jgs gSA
okLro esa] ;g mís';ksa dh lhfer lhek gS fd os vkxs j•s tks mUgsa dqN xaHkhj fNækUos"k.k djus ds fy, mÙkjnk;h
cukrk gSA mUgas t:jr ls T;knk lkekU; :i ls f'k{kk vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk dks ladh.kZ djuk

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