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vè;kid f'k{kk



                    uksV          •  ,d f'k{kd dk ;g mÙkjnkf;Ro ,oa dÙkZO; gS fd mls vè;;u'khy rRdkyhu lekt dk cksèk gksuk pkfg,
                                     rHkh ;g Nk=kksa dh vko';drkvksa dh iw£r dj ldrk gS rFkk d{kk&f'k{k.k dh Hkwfedk fuokZg leqfpr <ax
                                     ls dj ldrk gSA
                                  •  johUnzukFk VSxksj osQ vuqlkj ,d f'k{kd thou&i;ZUr Nk=k gh jgrk gSA mls vius fo"k; dh iw.kZ tkudkjh
                                     ugha jgrh gSA f'k{kd dks vius Nk=kksa rFkk vius fo"k; dk iw.kZ Kku gksuk pkfg,A mUgksaus f'k{kd dks ,d nhid
                                     dh miek nh gSA
                                  •  f'k{kd 'kCn ^f'k{k~* èkkrq ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS lh[kuk vkSj fl[kkukA ,d f'k{kd Lo;a Hkh lh[krk
                                     jgrk gS vkSj Nk=kksa dks fl[kkrk jgrk gSA f'k{kd dks ,d nk'kZfud dh Hkh laKk nh tkrh gSA vkt f'k{kd dks
                                     izcUèkd Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA
                                  •  f'k{kd O;ogkjμf'k{kd fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa rFkk fofHkUu lUnHkks± esa vusd izdkj osQ dk;Z djrk gSA og LowQy
                                     dh fofHkUu fØ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysrk gSA f'k{kd dh bu lHkh fØ;kvksa dks ,d lkekU; oxZ (f'k{kd O;ogkj) esa
                                     j[kk tk ldrk gSA
                                  •  f'k{kd O;ogkj dk fl¼karμjs;Ul (1970) us f'k{kd&O;ogkj dh tks ifjHkk"kk nh gS mlosQ nks izeq[k
                                     vkèkkj rRo (Postulates) gSaμ
                                      (1) f'k{kd O;ogkj lkekftd O;ogkj gSμjs;Ul osQ vuqlkj f'k{kd O;ogkj ,d lkekftd O;ogkj
                                          gS vFkkZr f'k{k.k izfØ;k esa fl[kkus okys (f'k{kd) osQ vfrfjDr lh[kus okys (Nk=k) dk mifLFkr gksuk
                                          vko';d gS] ftlosQ lkFk f'k{kd lEizs"k.k fØ;k djrk gS vkSj Nk=kksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
                                      (2) f'k{kd O;ogkj lkisf{kd gSμf'k{kd d{kk esa tks oqQN Hkh djrk gS] og lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk
                                          ifj.kke gS] ftlesa f'k{kd i<+krk gSA f'k{kd dk O;ogkj vPNk gS ;k cqjk] lgh gS ;k xyr] izHkko'kkyh
                                          gS ;k izHkkoghu] bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd f'k{kd dk O;ogkj] Nk=k miyfCèk osQ izdkj] visf{kr
                                          f'k{k.k&fofèk;k¡ fdl lhek rd ml laLÑfr osQ ewY;ksa osQ lkFk vuq:irk j[krh gSa] ftlesa og jgrk
                                          gS rFkk ftlosQ fy, og Hkkoh ih<+h dks rS;kj dj jgk gSA
                                  •  f'k{kd O;ogkj fl¼kar dh vkèkkjHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡μ

                                      (1) f'k{kd O;ogkjμifjfLFkfrtU; rRoksa rFkk f'k{kd dh oS;fDrd fo'ks"krkvksa dk dk;Zdkjh :i gSA f'k{kd
                                          dk O;ogkj tks oqQN Hkh gksrk gS ml ij cká ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk f'k{kd dh oS;fDrd fo'ks"krkvksa dk izHkko
                                          iM+rk gS rFkk bu nksuksa osQ ikjLifjd fØ;k&izfrfØ;k dk ifj.kke gh f'k{kd&O;ogkj dgykrk gSA
                                      (2) f'k{kd&O;ogkj dk fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSμtc f'k{kd&O;ogkj osQ vè;;u dh ckr lksprs
                                          gSa vkSj fiQj vè;;u djus dk iz;kl djrs gSa rks ;g ekudj pyrs gSa fd f'k{kd&O;ogkj dk oLrqfu"B
                                          vè;;u ;k rks izR;{k fujh{k.k osQ }kjk vFkok vizR;{k lkèkuksa }kjk (tks f'k{kd&O;ogkj ls lEcfUèkr
                                          gS) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
                                  •  d{kkxr O;ogkj osQ izdkjμd{kk esa lkekU; nks izdkj osQ O;ogkj ns[kus dks feyrs gSaμ(1) 'kkfCnd O;ogkj

                                     rFkk (2) v'kkfCnd O;ogkjA 'kkfCnd O;ogkjμd{kk esa tc f'k{kd rFkk Nk=k cksydj vius vknku&iznku
                                     djrs gSa rks bl O;ogkj dks 'kkfCnd&O;ogkj dgrs gSaA
                                  •  izR;{k 'kkfCnd O;ogkj (Direct Teacher Behaviour)μizR;{k 'kkfCnd O;ogkj og O;ogkj gS] ftlesa

                                     f'k{kd d{kk esa viuk izHkko o izHkqRo LFkkfir djus dh ps"Vk djrk gS] Nk=kksa osQ fopkjksa o O;ogkjksa dh
                                     vkykspuk djrk gS] d{kk esa Nk=kksa dks Lora=krkiwoZd cksyus dk volj iznku ugha djrk gSA
                                  •  vizR;{k 'kkfCnd O;ogkj (Indirect Verbal Behaviour)μtc f'k{kd Nk=kksa dks dk;Z djus dh] mUgsa
                                     fopkjksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh Lora=krk iznku djrk gS rks bl izdkj osQ O;ogkj dks vizR;{k O;ogkj dh
                                     laKk nh tkrh gSA


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