Page 10 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV 1-2- fof'k"V f'k{kk dk vFkZ (Meaning of Special Education)

fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ Lo:i dh jpuk izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dh fo'ks"k vko';drk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ckf/rkvksa
ls lEcfU/r lsok,¡ TkSls ;krk;kr] fpfdRlk] eukSoSKkfud fu/kZj.k] HkkSfrd] 'kkjhfjd rFkk O;olkf;d izf'k{k.k
rFkk ijke'kZ vkfn dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa mijksDr lalk/u vko';d gSa] tks f'k{kk
dks vf/d izHkkoh cukus esa l{ke gSA

1-3 fof'k"V f'k{kkµf'k{k.k osQ :i esa (Special Education—As Teaching)

fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ Lo:i dks dkSu D;k dgk¡ vkfn tSls 'kCnksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ vFkZ dks
foy{k.k ckydksa dh fof'k"V vko';drk] ;ksX;rk rFkk vusd O;fDrxr f'k{kk&iz.kkyh osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk
gSA fofHkUu dk;Z {ks=kksa osQ fo'ks"kK] f'k{kkfon~ f'k{kd] euksoSKkfud] ok.kh izf'k{kd] tUrq ouLifr foKkuh]
fpfdRlk vkfn izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dh vko';drkvksa osQ vuq:i lgk;rk djus dk mÙknkf;Ro j[krs gSaA
fof'k"V f'k{kk dks ikB~;Øe osQ vk/kj ij dbZ ckj lkekU; f'k{kk ls i`Fkd fd;k tkrk gSA tSls D;k i<+k;k tkrk
gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ Lo;a lgk;rk esa pkrq;Z vkSj fuiq.krk dk f'k{k.k] ^czsy* Hkk"kk i<+us o fy[kus dk izf'k{k.k n`f"V
ckf/r ckydksa osQ fy;s ikB~;Øe dk egRoiw.kZ vax gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa Nk=kksa dks fn, tkus okys Kku
ls fHkUu gksrk gS D;ksafd fof'k"V f'k{kk dk ikB~;Øe oS;fDrd vko';drk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, cuk;k tkrk
gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk dk Lo:i pwafd lkekU; f'k{kk ls fHkUu gksrk gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk lalk/u ;qDRk d{kksa] fo'ks"k
f'k{kk i}fr vkfn lkekU; f'k{kk dh i¼fr ls fHkUu gSA blhfy, fof'k"V f'k{kk dks ljyrk ls igpkuk tk ldrk
gSA fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ vUrxZr] f'k{kkfon~ Nk=kksa dks le>kus osQ fy;s lkaosQfrd Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vU;
{ks=k esa f'k{kkfon~ eUncqf¼ Nk=kksa dks f'k{k.k gsrq dk;Z fo'ys"k.k vkSj oqQ'ky izf'k{k.k dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
blosQ vfrfjDr vU; fof'k"V f'k{kd vf/xe&v;ksX; ckyd dh f'k{kk osQ fy, izfØ;k&izf'k{k.k vkSj fofHkUu
Kku ;k cgqqeq[kh lapkfyr izfof/;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
(1) lq/kj gsrq iz;kl (Preventive Efforts)µckydksa osQ xEHkhj :i ls ckf/r gksus ij laHkkfor leL;k osQ
Lo:i dks j[kukA
(2) lq/kj gsrq dk;ZØe (Remedial Programmes)µckydksa dks 'kkjhfjd nks"kksa ls f'k{k.k ;k izf'k{k.k osQ
}kjk NqVdkjk fn;k tk ldrk gSA

(3) iwjd iz;kl (Compensatory Eforts)µckydksa dks 'kkjhfjd ckf/rk ls mcjus osQ fy, u;s lk/u nsus
dk iz;kl djukA

fof'k"V f'k{kk lalk/u ;qDr d{kksa] fo'ks"k f'k{kk laLFkkvksa ;k vkoklh; f'k{k.k osaQnzksa esa nh tkrh gSA

1-4 fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ mís'; (Objectives of Special Education)

fof'k"V f'k{kk rFkk lkekU; f'k{kk osQ mís'; leku gksrs gSaµtSls ckydksa dks mi;qDr f'k{kk osQ ekè;e ls ekuoh;
lalk/uksa dk mRFkku] ns'k dk fodkl] lekt dk iquxZBu] ukxfjd fodkl] O;olkf;d dk;Z oqQ'kyrk vkfn iznku
djukA bu mís';ksa osQ vfrfjDr fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ oqQN fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"k mís';ksa osQ vfrfjDr fof'k"V f'k{kk
osQ oqQN fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"k mís'; Hkh gSaµ

(1) 'kkjhfjd nks"k;qDr ckydksa dh fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa dh iwoZ igpku rFkk fu/kZj.k djukA

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