Page 9 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% fof'k"V f'k{kk% vo/kj.kk vkSj izÑfr

dh vk'kk dh FkhA ijUrq vkt ;fn lkekftd ifjorZu ykuk gks rks f'k{kk osQ }kjk yk;k tk ldrk gS rFkk lkekftd uksV
leL;kvksa dk fu;a=k.k Hkh f'k{kk }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA xk¡/h th Nqvk&Nwr dks lekt ls nwj ugha dj losQ vkt ijUrq
f'k{kk }kjk ;g lEHko gks ldk gSA ukjh f'k{kk }kjk lkekftd :f<+okn dk vUr gqvkA ifr&iRuh dh f'k{kk vkSj
nksuksa dh ukSdjh ls cPpksa osQ lkekthdj.k dh leL;k dks iwoZ izkFkfed d{kkvksa dh lqfo/k nsdj nwj fd;k tk jgk
gSA vr% f'k{kk ,d lkekftd ifjorZu dk ;a=k gSA
(6) f'k{kk lkekthdj.k dh ,d izfØ;k (Education is the Creator and Creature of the Socciety)µ
f'k{kk }kjk u;s lekt dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj lekt f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk blh fy, djrk gSA jktho xk¡/h us
jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (1986) dk Lo:i blfy;s fn;k fd 21oha 'krkCnh esa fdl izdkj osQ ukxfjd pkfg;s] blosQ
fy;s f'k{kk dk :o:i fodflr djuk pkfg;sA f'k{kk dh izÑfr Hkfo"; osQfUnzr (Future Oriented) gksrh gSA
f'k{kk] lnSo Hkfo"; osQ fy, rS;kj dh tkrh gS rFkk Hkfo"; osQ fy;s gh iznku dh tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;g lekt
fuekZ.k dh ,d izfØ;k gSA
(7) f'k{kk ,d Nyuh (Education as a Filtering Process)µiztkra=k esa ukxfjdksa }kjk gh 'kklu fd;k tkrk
gS rFkk os ukxfjdrk dk ekxZ n'kZu djrs gSa vkSj thou osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa usr`Ro iznku djrs gSaA mUgsa f'k{kk Hkh
nsrs gSaA ns'k esa lHkh dks f'k{kk izkIr djus dk vf/dkj gS ijUrq ;g Hkh è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd izkFkfed d{kkvksa
dh ik¡poh d{kk esa fdrus izfr'kr ikl dj ikrs gSa vkSj mlosQ ckn muesa ls ekè;fed dh vkBoha d{kk dks fdrus
izfr'kr ikl dj ikrs gSaA ikl djus okyks esa ls fdrus gkbZ LowQy dh ijh{kk esa mRrh.kZ gksrs gSaA bl izdkj b.Vj]
Lukrd rFkk ijkLukrd ijh{kkvksa esa izfr'kr cgqr de gksrk tkrk gSA fo|kFkhZ ijh{kkvksa }kjk NaVrs tkrs gSaA mPp
f'k{kk xzg.k djus okyksa dk izfr'kr cgqr de gksrk gSA ;gh O;fDr usr`Ro rFkk ekxZ n'kZu nsus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA
vU; inksa osQ fy;s ijh{kkvksa dh O;oLFkk gSA bl izdkj iztkra=k esa f'k{kk ,d Nyuh dk dk;Z djrh gSA
bl izdkj f'k{kk ,d izfØ;k ,oa izf'k{k.k osQ vfrfjDr vU; fo"k;ksa dh Hkk¡fr ,d vè;;u dk Lora=k vuq'kklu
(discipline) Hkh gSA f'k{kk fo"k; dks ^dyk* rFkk ^foKku* nksuksa gh ekuk tkrk gSA

1-1 fof'k"V f'k{kk dh vo/kj.kk (Concept of Special Education)

'kCn ^fof'k"V f'k{kk* osQ vUrxZr mu i{kksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS tks fof'k"V ckydksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA ;g
f'k{kk 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh vFkok fof'k"V xq.k lEiUu ckydksa osQ fy, viuk;h tkrh gSA fof'k"V
f'k{kk dk bfrgkl dk {ks=k nh?kZ gSA tkfr O;oLFkk dk izphu dky esa LohÑr vk/kkj f'k{kk osQ izR;; ls lEcfUèkr
gSA izkphu dky ls czkã.k f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa vkSj {kf=k; ;q¼ {ks=k esa fuiq.k ekus tkrs gSaA blh izdkj oS';ksa ,oa 'kwnzksa
osQ izf'k{k.k Hkh muosQ dk;Z {ks=k osQ vuq:i vyx&vyx FksA bl izdkj dk oxhZdj.k ewy :i ls fofHkUu izfrHkkvksa
osQ euq";ksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa j[kus osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls fd;k x;k FkkA
Nk=kksa dh izfrHkkvksa dks ekrk&firk vFkok vè;kidx.k igpkurs Fks] tks mUgsa f'k{k.k izfof/;ksa esa Hkh fof'k"V ckydksa
dh f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa blh izdkj dh izfØ;kvksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gSA f'k{kkfon~ lkekU; rFkk 'kkjhfjd :i
ls ckf/r ckydksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsus osQ dkj.k fof'k"V ckydksa dh vko';drk ij de è;ku ns ikrs gSaA fof'k"V
f'k{kk osQ ckjs esa fofHkUu fopkj fooknkLin gSaA ;s fopkj ckydksa dh f'k{kk dh eq[;/kjk ls fHkUu gSaA ftlosQ dkj.k
fof'k"V ckydksa dks fo'ks"k rFkk vf/d volj iznku djus osQ i{k esa gSA
lk/kj.kr% ;g le>k tkrk gS fd fof'k"V f'k{kk lEiw.kZ dk;ZØe ugha gS tks lkekU; ckydksa dh f'k{kk ls loZFkk
fHkUUk gSA bl {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ ,sls ?kVd Hkh lfEefyr gSa] tks lHkh ckydksa osQ dk;ZØeksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fof'k"V Hkh
gSaA vesfjdk vkSj fczVsu tSls oqQN fodflr ns'kksa esa bl izdkj dh f'k{k.k laLFkk,¡ vf/drj vkoklh; f'k{k.k fo|ky;ksa
osQ :i esa dk;Zjr gSaA ijUrq Hkkjr TkSls fodkl'khy ns'k esa vkoklh; f'k{k.k laLFkk;sa lkekU;r ugha fn[kkbZ nsrhaA bl
izdkj osQ ckydksa dh lqfo/kvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjr osQ egkuxjksa esa ,slh f'k{kk laLFkkvksa ij vc è;ku fn;k
tk jgk gSA

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