Page 11 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% fof'k"V f'k{kk% vo/kj.kk vkSj izÑfr

(2) 'kkjhfjd nks"k dh n'kk es blls igys fd os xEHkhj fLFkfr dks izkIr gksa] muoQh jksdFkke osQ fy;s igys ls uksV
gh mik; djukA ckydksa osQ lh[kus dh leL;kvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, dk;Z djus dh uohu fof/;ksa }kjk
ckydksa dks f'k{kk nsukA
(3) 'kkjhfjd ckf/r ckydksa osQ ekrk&firk dks fuiq.krk rFkk dk;ZoqQ'kyrkvksa osQ ckjs esa le>kuk rFkk ckydksa
dh mRiUu leL;kvksa ,oa dfe;ksa osQ ckjs esa lqj{kk rFkk jksdFkke osQ mik; djukA
(4) 'kkjhfjd :i ls ckf/r ckydksa dh f'k{k.k leL;kvksa dh tkudkjh nsuk rFkk lq/kj gsrq lkewfgd laxBu
rS;kj djukA

(5) 'kkjhfjd :i ls ckf/r ckydksa dk iquZokl djukA
(6) f'k{kk dh jk"Vªh; uhfr (National Policy of Education— 1986-92) esa Lo;a ,oa thou;kiu osQ vkO;wgksa
dk ozQec¼rk ls fu/kZj.k djukA

fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ mu dk;ZØeksa dk mYys[k dhft, tks lkekU; ckydksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fof'k"V Hkh
gksaA

1-5 fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ fl¼kUr (Principles of Special Education)

fof'kV f'k{kk fuEufyf[kr fl¼kUrksa ij vk/kfjr gSµ
(1) O;fDrxr fHkUurk nks izdkj dh gksrh gSµ
(d) nks O;fDr;ksa esa vUrj ([k) euq"; dk Lo;a ls Hksn gksukA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] oqQN Nk=k vU; Nk=kksa ls
vfèkdka'k xq.kksa esa loZFkk fHkUu gksrs gSa] tks f'k{kk osQ ekè;e ls iwjh djuh pkfg,A
(2) dksbZ Hkh fujLr ugh (No one is Rejected)µ'kkjhfjd :i ls ckf/r lHkh ckydksa dks fu%'kqYd f'k{kk
feyuh pkfg;sA lkekU; f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa fdlh ckyd dks Lohdkj vFkok vLohdkj djus dk fodYi fdlh
fo|ky; dh O;oLFkk esa ugha gSA
(3) i{kikr jfgr f'k{kk (Non-Diserininatory Education)µ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ifgpku djuh pkfg;s tks
fof'k"V f'k{kk dh vko;drk dk vuqHko djrs gSa ftlls mUgsa nh tkus okyh f'k{kk dk mi;qDr Lo:i
lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQA izR;sd Nk=k dh O;fDrxr :i ls ijh{kk gksuh pkfg;sA blosQ i'pkr~ lHkh Nk=kksa
fof'k"V f'k{kk osQ dk;ZozQe ls tksM+dj j[kk tkuk pkfg;sA le;≤ ij ,sls ckydksa dh dfBukb;ksa]
leL;kvksa rFkk mudh izxfr dk ijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
(4) oS;fDrd f'k{kk dk;ZozQe (Individualized Education Programmes)µftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fof'k"V
f'k{kk dh vko';drk gS mUgsa O;fDrxr f'k{kk dk;ZozQe ;k rks fof'k"V d{kkvksa esa fn;k tk;s ;k muls
lEcfUèkr f'k{kk mu ckydksa dh orZeku dk;Z&iz.kkyh vkSj fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa osQ vuq:i gksuh pkfg;sA
vfHkozQfer vuqns'k dks Hkh iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(5) fu;af=kr okrkoj.k (Restrictive Environment)µtgk¡ rd lEHko gks 'kkjhfjd :i ls ckf/r ckydksa
rFkk lkekU; ckydksa dh f'k{kk ,d gh d{k esa lkFk&lkFk gksuh pkfg;sA ;g d{kk lkekU; gks ldrh gSA
lkekU; d{k fodykax Nk=kksa dks U;wure foèu Mkyus okyk okrkoj.k iznku djrk gSA
(6) fof'k"V izfozQ;k (Special Process)µ;g izfozQ;k iznf'kZr djrh gS fd 'kkjhfjd :i esa ckf/r ckydksa
osQ ekrk&firk dks fo|ky; dh O;oLFkk dk fu/kZj.k rFkk fo'ys"k.k djus dk iw.kZ vf/dkj gS tgk¡ ij
ckydksa dks mudh vko';drkuqlkj f'k{kk nh tk jgh gSA ;fn ekrk&firk laLFkk dh dk;Z&iz.kkyh ls vlUrq"V

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 5