Page 176 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV (4) fdrkc j[kus dk LFkku rFkk vyekfj;ksa dh O;oLFkkA
(5) cqysfVu cksMZ dk lhfer mi;ksx djukA

(6) nhokjksa ij Vaxs gq, oSQys.Mj] fp=k rFkk vU; oLrqvksa dks gVk nsukA
(7) d{kk osQ ckgj osQ okrkoj.k dks èofu jfgr o vkd"kZ.k jfgr cukukA
(8) f'k{k.k lkexzh jaxksa] vkdkj o O;kidrk dks c<+kukA
(4) KkukRed izf'k{k.k vk;ke (Cognitive Training Approach)µvfèkdka'k vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dh
leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djus esa oqQN =kqfV;ka jg tkrh gSaA os dk;ks± dk vuqHko u djosQ] dk;Z djrs gSa rFkk vU;
fodYiksa dks fcuk lksps le>s 'kh?kzrk ls fdlh Hkh iz'u dk mÙkj ns nsrs gSaA mudh nks i¼fr;k¡ mi;ksxh gksrh gSA ,
i¼fr;k¡ fuEu gSaA
(v) KkukRed izk:i (Cogntive Modelling) rFkk
(c) Lor% vuqns'ku izf'k{k.k (Self-Instructional Training)A
(v) KkukRed izk:i (Cognitive Modelling)µKkukRed izk:i dks dHkh&dHkh Le`fr] rFkk KkukRed
O;ogkj ifjorZu vkO;wg le> fy;k tkrk gSA bl fofèk osQ vkèkkj ij ckyd dks bl rF; dh tkudkjh nh tkrh
gS fd yksx oSQls lh[krs gSa rFkk oSQls ;kn j[krs gSa KkukRed izk:i osQ vuqlkj vfèkxe ckfèkr ckyd osQ le{k
mlosQ lgikBh dk mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA tks mlls vfèkd ;ksX; gksrk gS rkfd og ml O;Ld vFkok lkFkh
dk vuqlj.k dj losQ rFkk mi;qDr rF; lh[k losaQA bl i¼fr osQ }kjk vfèkxe ckfèkr ckyd dks ;g fl[kk;k
tkrk gS fd fdlh 'kCn dks i<+us ls igys ;k fdlh iz'u dk mÙkj nsus ls igys FkksM+k #duk pkfg,A lkjs laosQr
rFkk laHkkoukvksa dks è;ku ls ns[kuk pkfg, rFkk fiQj è;ku ls fdlh iz'u dk mÙkj nsuk pkfg,A ;kn djus osQ lacUèk
esa ckydksa dks NksVs&NksVs [k.Mksa esa lwpukvksa dks ,d=k djuk] bu lwpukvksa dks ckj&ckj muosQ laeq[k nksgjkuk rFkk
mudh Le`fr dks c<+kus osQ fy, lkèku dk iz;ksx djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA tc vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dks lh[kus
rFkk ;kn djus osQ izHkkodkjh mik; crk, tkrs gSa rks muesa vko';d lqèkkj fd;k tk,A
(c) Lor%vuqns'ku izf'k{k.k (Self-Instruction Training)µbl izk:i dks Lo;a vuqns'ku izf'k{k.k osQ
vUrxZr lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Lo;a vuqns'ku izf'k{k.k osQ }kjk ckyd dks Lo;a osQ 'kkfCnd O;ogkj ij
fu;U=k.k djus osQ fy, izsfjr fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZµ
(1) vè;kid Lo;a tksj&tksj ls cksydj dksbZ dk;Z djrk gS tSls xf.kr dh fdlh leL;k dks gy djukA

(2) ckyd mlh dk;Z dks vè;kid osQ funsZ'ku ij vH;kl djrk gSA
(3) tc ckyd dk;Z djrk gS rks og vuqns'kuksa dks Lo;a okpu djrk gS] rFkk
(4) ckyd Lor% vuqns'ku osQ }kjk dk;Z djosQ dke iwjk dj ysrk gSA
Lo;a vuqns'ku izf'k{k.k osQ ekè;e ls ckyd dks lh[kus dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa viuk dk;Z de djus esa rFkk KkukRed
dk;ks± osQ fy, mldks Lo;a osQ vk;ke dh tkudkjh esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
(5) vU; fof'k"V vk;ke rFkk izfofèk;k¡ (Other Special Approaches and Techniques)µvfèkxe
ckfèkr ckydksa esa oqQN fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSa muesa n`f"V lacUèkh nks"k ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ij mudks n`f"V cksèk] n`f"V xzkárk]
n`'; lacUèkh o.kZu rFkk n`'; lacUèkh Le`fr esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA blh izdkj vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa esa Jo.k lacUèkh
nks"k ugha gksrk ij mUgsa JO;kRed tkudkjh] JO;kRed vUrj rFkk JO;kRed Le`fr esa dfBukbZ gksrh gS] mUgsa è;ku
vkSj Le`fr dh leL;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS ;g lc dfBukb;k¡ mudh Hkk"kk dks le>us esa ckèkd gksrh gSa
rFkk mudh okpu o ys[ku ;ksX;rk ,oa lquus osQ dkS'ky esa vojksèk mRiUu djrh gSA blfy, vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa
osQ fy, bu {ks=kksa esa fof'k"V izf'k{k.k cgqr mi;ksxh gksrk gSA lalkèku fo'ks"kK vè;kid vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dks
lalkèku d{k esa bl izdkj dk fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k ns ldrs gSaA vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa osQ fy, fuEu vk;ke rFkk fØ;k,¡
cgqr mi;ksxh gSA

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