Page 181 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—19% izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd% ifjHkk"kk] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

viuh bl foy{k.krk dk mi;qDr mi;ksx u gks ldus osQ dkj.k , ckyd vlkekftd dk;ks± esa layXu gks tkrs uksV
gSa vkSj 'kkfrj vijkèkh cu tkrs gSaA
izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa ls lacfUèkr lHkh leL;kvksa ij n`f"Vikr djus ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa
dks fo'ks"k f'k{kk nsus o mudh izfrHkk dks eq[kfjr djus osQ fy, fof'k"V d{kkvksa] vè;kidksa] fo|ky;ksa o O;olk;ksa
osQ izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk dk gksuk Hkh vR;ar vko';d gSA bu lHkh igyqvksa ij fopkj djus o lq>ko nsus ls igys
;g Li"V dj nsuk vko';d gS fd izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd ls gekjk D;k vk'k; gS rFkk izfrHkklaiUurk D;k gS\

19-1 izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Gifted Children)

fofHkUu euksoSKkfudksa us izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dks mudh cqf¼ yfCèk osQ vkèkkj ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS vkSj muosQ
fy, cqf¼ yfCèk (I. Q.) osQ fofHkUu Lrj fuèkkZfjr fd, gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] VeZu us vius xw<+ vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij
140 cqf¼ yfCèk dks izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dh fuEure cqf¼ lhek crk;k gSA vU; euksfoKku 'kkL=kh 120 ls 140
rFkk mPp cqf¼ yfCèk okys ckydksa dks izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd ekurs gSaA oqQN ckydksa esa cqf¼ yfCèk 180 o 190 rd
Hkh ik;h x;h gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] dkWDl us mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ egku~ n'kZu'kkL=kh tkWu LVqvVZ fey dh cqf¼ yfCèk
vuqekur% 190 ls 200 osQ eè; crk;h gSA xkyu dh cqf¼ yfCèk 200 crk;h x;h gSA
izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd dks fofHkUu fo}kuksa us fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA vfèkdka'k ifjHkk"kkvksa dk
euksoSKkfud vkèkkj ;gh gS fd ^izfrHkk* 'kCn esa ckSf¼d mRÑ"Vrk ,oa fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk nksuksa gh lfEefyr fd, tk
ldrs gSaA bl er osQ vuqlkj izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd og gS tks mPp lkekU; ckSf¼d Lrj (high level of general
intelligence) j[krk gS vFkok tks mu {ks=kksa esa mPpdksfV dh ;ksX;rk j[krk gS ftlosQ fy, mPp cqf¼ yfCèk dk
gksuk vko';d gS_ tSlsµdyk] fp=kdkjh] u`R;] ;kfU=kdh] usr`Ro vkfnA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ekufld iz[kjrk n'kkZus
okys ckydksa dks ekufld izfrHkk'kkyh (Intellectually gifted) ckyd dh laKk nh tkrh gSA
oqQN vU; fo}ku izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dks lkaf[;dh; n`f"V ls ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj fdlh cqf¼ ijh{k.k
ij izkIr vadksa osQ vkèkkj ij mPpre 2 ls 3» rd ckyd izfrHkk'kkyh ckyd gksrs gSaA ghgkWu o gs¯o?kLVZ (De
Haan and Havinghurst) us izfr'kr osQ vkèkkj ij gh fdlh fo|ky; osQ mPpre miyfCèk okys 1» ckydksa dks
vR;fèkd izfrHkkoku (genius) rFkk cps gq, mPpre 10» ckydksa dks izfrHkkoku dh Js.kh esa j[kk gSA ;|fi ;g
oxhZdj.k dkiQh lhek rd lkekU; lewg ij gh ykxw gksrk gS rFkk fo|ky; osQ Lrj] lewg (ckydksa) osQ vk£Fkd
lkekftd Lrj lkaLÑfrd i`"BHkwfe o ckSf¼d Lrj ij fuHkZj djrk gS] 'kSf{kd n`f"V ls ;g mi;ksxh gSA
izk;% ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd ckydksa dh cqf¼ yfCèk o 'kSf{kd miyfCèk rks lkekU; Lrjh; gksrh gS fdUrq fdlh
{ks=k fo'ks"k tSlsµdyk] laxhr] vfHku; ;kaf=kdh] usr`Ro vkfn esa mudh ;ksX;rk vfHkO;fDr mPpdksfV dh gksrh
gSA bu ckydksa dks ml {ks=k esa mYys[kuh; miyfCèk osQ vkèkkj ij izfrHkk'kkyh osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k
tkrk gSA

mi;qZDr n`f"Vdks.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij izfrHkk'kkyh ckydksa dks (i) mPp ekufld ;ksX;rk] (ii) mPp 'kSf{kd miyfCèk]
(iii) lkekftd izfrHkk] (iv) mPp xf.krh; ;ksX;rk] (v) mPp dykRed ;ksX;rk vkfn okys vusd oxks± esa j[kk tk
ldrk gSA Ýyhxyj o fo'k osQ vuqlkj] ¶izfrHkkoku 'kCn mu lHkh ckydksa dks 'kkfey djrk gS tks 'kSf{kd :i
ls fo|ky; osQ mPp 15 ls 20 izfr'kr miyfCèk oxZ ls vkus osQ fy, mPp ekufld ;ksX;rk o dk;Z {kerk j[krs
gksa ;k fdlh fo'ks"k {ks=k tSls xf.kr] ;kaf=kdh] foKku] dykRed vfHkO;fDr] l`tukRed ys[ku] laxhr o lkekftd
usr`Ro esa mPp Lrjh; izfrHkk o viusokrkoj.k ls eqdkcyk djus dh vuks[kh l`tukRed ;ksX;rk j[krs gSaA¸ (“The
term gifted encompasses those children who possess a superior intellectual potential and functional
ability to achieve academically in the top 15 to 20 per cent of the school population and/or tatent
of a high order in such special areas as mathematics, mechanics, science, expressive aarts, creative

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 175