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bdkbZ—1% fof'k"V f'k{kk% voèkkj.kk vkSj izÑfr
lqèkkj djus gsrq ,s'kyksd (1972) us bl lacUèk esa oqQN Øec¼ fofèk ls vuqns'ku fn,A oqQN uksV
vuqns'ku fuEufyf[kr gSaA
(4) ikB~;Øe lacUèkh lq>koµvfèkxe vleFkhZ ckyd d{kk esa vU; ckydksa dh Hkk¡fr i<+rs gSa
bl izdkj osQ fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ ykHk gsrq fof'k"V ns[kHkky dh vko';drk gSA
• izkjfEHkd rFkk f}rh; Lrj ij vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dh igpku djuk vis{kkÑr ljy gksrk gS D;ksafd bl
Lrj ij midj.k] vè;kidksa dk i;Zos{k.k rFkk miyfCèk lwpdkad gksrs gSaA izR,d vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dks
Luk;q ijh{k.k] iBu lacUèkh ijh{k.k] ftuesa mls fofHkUu T;kferh; vkdkj dks cukus] 'kjhj osQ vaxksa dh
tkudkjh (vkneh dk fp=k cukvks ijh{k.k)] [kkstks (vkokt dks igpkuuk) vkSj tSo jklk;fud ijh{k.k ls
xqtjuk iM+rk gSA rFkk miyfCèk ls vfrfjDr vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dks leL;kvksa osQ fujkdj.k gsrq ,
fpfdRlh; xq.k Hkh vko';d gSaA
• vfèkxe ckfèkr ckydksa dks lqèkkjkRed vuqns'kuksa ls vfèkd ykHk feyrk gS rFkk vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;kvksa
osQ fujkdj.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA mipkjkRed vuqns'ku osQ vUrxZr vPNs f'k{k.k dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk
gS bl f'k{k.k osQ lqfuf'pr rFkk fo'ks"k] nks mís'; gksrs gSaA
• vokaNfr vknrksa dks lekIr djuk rFkk =kqfViw.kZ vfèkxe dks f'k{k.k ;ksX;rk osQ }kjk lgh djuk] bldh =kqfV;ksa
dks lqèkkjus dh vuqns'ku fØ;k dks lqèkkjkRed dgk tkrk gSA
• lalkèku ;qDr d{kk esa fn, tkus okys fpfdRlh; mipkj dfe;k¡ rFkk izf'k{k.k dh vofèk ij vkèkkfjr gksrs
gSa blfy, ;g dk;ZØe izfrfnu nks ?k.Vs ls ysdj vèkZ fnolh; gks ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ ;g rF; egRoiw.kZ gS fd
;fn ckydksa dks izkjfEHkd LowQy esa gh bu lqèkkjksa gsrq vuqns'kuksa dh lgk;rk nh tk, rks ckydksa osQ fy, viuh
dfe;ksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;rk feysxh rFkk ;g mudh mPp d{kkvksa ea izksUufr esa lgk;d gksxkA
18-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• la'ys"k.kµ tksM+uk] feykukA
• iBuµ i<+us dh fØ;k] i<+ukA
• vuqns'kµ f'k{kk] funsZ'k] laosQrA
18-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- vf/xe ckf/r ckydksa gsrq f'k{k.k vkO;wg dk o.kZu dhft,A
2- vf/xe ckf/r ckydksa osQ fy, oqQN egÙoiw.kZ lq>koksa dk mYys[k djsaA
3- vfèkxe ckf/r ckydksa dh leL;kvksa dk fuokj.k fdl izdkj laHko gS\ le>kb,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. ( ) × 2. ( ) 3. ( ) × 4. ( )
18-10 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1- 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax ckydµ ;ksxsUnz oqQekj 'kekZ] dfu"d ifCy'klZ] ubZ fnYyhA
2- fof'k‘ f'k{kk& oqQekj latho] tkudh izdk'ku] iVukA
4- fof'k‘ ckydµ vo/kj.kk] fodkl ,oa f'k{kk] osQ- osQ- ifCyosQ'kal] ubZ fnYyhA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 173
