Page 209 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—22% fiNM+s ,oa vijkèkh ckyd% ifj.kke] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

tks ckyd fdlh vU; dh vis{kk fdlh dke es fiNM+ tk,¡ og fiNM+s gq, ckyd dgykrs gSaA tcfd f'k{kk uksV
osQ lanHkZ esa fiNM+s ckyd os gksrs gSa tks fdlh rF; dks ckj&ckj le>kus osQ ckotwn ugha le>rs o vkSlr
ckydksa osQ leku izxfr ugha dj ikrsA ;s i<+us fy[kus esa deT+kksj gSa o dbZ ckj vliQy gksrs gSa ekufld
:i ls ean cqf¼ lHkh ckyd fiNM+siu dk f'kdkj gksrs gSaA foaQrq vusd lkekU; cqf¼ osQ ckyd Hkh 'kSf{kd
izxfr esa fiNM+ tkrs gSaA cVZ us fy[kk gS fd ¶fiNM+k ckyd og gS tks vius LowQy thou osQ eè;dky
(yxHkx 10½ o"kZ dh vk;q esa) viuh d{kk ls uhps dh d{kk dk dk;Z ugha dj ldrk] tksfd mldh vk;q
osQ fy, lkekU; dk;Z gSA¸
fiNM+s ckyd lkekftd ewY;ksa osQ foijhr dk;Z djrs gSa rFkk ,sls ckydksa dks cky vijkèkh dh Js.kh esa j[kk
tkrk gSA vkt orZeku lekt esa bl izdkj osQ o`QR;ksa dk foLrkj cgqr rsT+kh ls gqvk gSA blesa lkèkkj.k mí.Mrk
ls ysdj gR;k rFkk cykRdkj tSls xaHkhj vijkèk lfEefyr gSa

22-1 fiNM+s ,oa vijkèkh ckydksa dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Backword

and Delinquent Children)

22-1-1 fiNM+s ckyd dk vFkZ vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Meaning Definition and of Backword
Children)

vU; fof'k"Vrkvksa dh Hkk¡fr fiNM+kiu Hkh ,d lkisf{kd izR;; gSA vr% fdlh Hkh ckyd dks fiNM+s ckydksa dh
Js.kh esa j[kus dk vkèkkj mldk i;kZoj.k lacUèkh rqyukRed fiNM+kiu gksrk gSA blh dkj.k fofHkUu fo}kuksa us bldks
fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA oqQN euksoSKkfudksa osQ vuqlkj vius leku vk;q Lrj osQ vU; ckydksa
ls 'kSf{kd miyfCèk esa fiNM+ tkus okyk ckyd] fiNM+k ckyd gSA 'kkWusy osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶fiNM+k ckyd og gS tks
viuh gh vk; osQ vU; ckydksa dh vis{kk mYys[kuh; 'kS{kf.kd U;wurk iznf'kZr djrk gSA¸ (‘‘Back ward pupil
is one who when compared with other pupils of the same chronological age, shows marked
educational deficiency.’’)
vU; fo}kuksa osQ vuqlkj fiNM+k ckyd og gS tks d{kk esa viuh ;ksX;rkvksa ,oa {kerkvksa osQ vuq:i izxfr ugha
dj ikrk rFkk viuh d{kk (;k mldh vk;q&lewg osQ fy, lkekU; d{kk) ls ,d ;k nks d{kk uhps osQ dk;ks± dks
djus esa Hkh vius vkidks v{ke ikrk gS ;k dfBukbZ dk vuqHko djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZµckVZu gkWy osQ vuqlkj]
¶lkekU;r;k fiNM+siu dk iz;ksx mu ckydksa osQ fy, gksrk gS ftudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfCèk mudh LokHkkfHkd ;ksX;rkvksa
osQ Lrj ls de gksA¸ (‘‘Backwardness in general is applied to cases where their educational achieve-
ment falls below the level of their natural abilities.’’)
cVZ us viuh iqLrd ^nh cSdoMZ pkbYM* esa fiNM+s ckyd dks fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSµ¶fiNM+k gqvk ckyd
og gS tks LowQyh thou osQ eè; esa viuh vk;q&Lrj dh d{kk ls ,d lh<+h uhps dh d{kk dk dk;Z djus esa vleFkZ
gksA¸ (‘‘Backward child is one who in mid school career is unable to do the work of the class next
below that which is normal for his age.’’)
fiNM+kiu izk;% ckyd dh lh[kus dh eUn xfr dk Hkh |ksrd gksrk gSA ;g dHkh ckyd dh lHkh 'kSf{kd fo"k;ksa
esa miyfCèk dks izHkkfor djrk gS rks dHkh osQoy fdlh fo"k; fo'ks"k dksA cVZ us fiNM+s ckydksa dks lk¡f[;dh; :i
ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA muosQ vuqlkj fdlh fo"k; esa 85 ls de laizkfIr yfCèk (attainment quotient) okyk ckyd
ml fo"k; esa fiNM+k ckyd dgykrk gS tcfd 85 ls 155 rd laizkfIr yfCèk okys ckyd lkekU; ckydksa dh
Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA laizkfIr yfCèk Kkr djus osQ fy, fuEu lw=k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSµ

s
A. Q. (Attainment Quotient) = fo"k; ea lEizkfIr vk;q × 100
o"kk;Zq

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 203