Page 211 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—22% fiNM+s ,oa vijkèkh ckyd% ifj.kke] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

^cky&vijkèk* dks fdlh ,d loZekU; ifjHkk"kk }kjk ifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkekU; :i esa ;g ,d uksV
dkuwuh (Legal) rFkk izpfyr izR;; gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] lekt'kkL=k] euksfoKku] vijkèk'kkL=k rFkk dkuwu Hkh
budks vius&vius n`f"Vdks.kksa ls ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA euksfoKku'kkL=kh cVZ (Burt) us ckyd osQ lekt fojksèkh dk;Z
djus dh izo`fÙk dh xEHkhjrk osQ vkèkkj ij ^cky&vijkèkh* dks fuEu 'kCnksa esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSµ
¶'kkfCnd vFkZ esa og ckyd vijkèkh dgykrk gS ftldh lekt fojksèkh izo`fÙk;k¡ bruh xEHkhj gks tkrh gSa fd 'kklu
dks mlosQ fo#¼ dk;Zokgh djuh iM+rh gSA¸ (A child is to be regarded as technically delinquent when
his anti-social tendencies appear so grave that he becomes or ought to become the subject of
official action.)

ghyh (Healy) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶og ckyd tks O;ogkj osQ lkekftd izfrekuksa ls fopfyr gks tkrk gS] vijkèkh
dgykrk gSA¸ (A child who deviates from the social norms of behaviour is called delinquent.)
osjsf'k;l rFkk feyj us cky&vijkèk dks foLr`r :i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA muosQ vuqlkj cky vijkèk]
¶vYio;Ld osQ }kjk fd;k x;k og O;ogkj gS tks fo'ks"k fofèkd izfrekuksa vFkok fdlh lkekftd laLFkku osQ vkn'kks±
dks fujUrj vFkok vkSj xEHkhjrk osQ lkFk rksM+rk gS ftlls fd O;ogkj djus okys O;fDr vFkok lewg osQ fo#¼
dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dk n`<+ vkèkkj izkIr gks tkrk gSA¸ (A behaviour by non adults which violates specific
legal norms or norms of a particular societal institution with sufficient frequency and/or serousness
so as to provide a firm basis for legal action against the behaving individual or group.)
mQij nh xbZ lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa ls cky&vijkèk osQ fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr rhu ckrsa Li"V gksrh gSaµ
(i) cky&vijkèk ,d lekt fojksèkh O;ogkj gS]

(ii) ;g ,d fo'ks"k vk;q oxZ (12 ls 21 o"kZ) osQ ckydksa }kjk fd;s tkrs gSa] vkSj
(iii) dkuwu osQ }kjk n.Muh; gksrs gSaA
blosQ vuqlkj ckyd dks mlosQ O;ogkj dh fof'k"Vrk osQ vkèkkj ij fuEu 'kCnksa esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
¶cky&vijkèkh og vYio;Ld gS ftlls fd lekt fojksèkh O;ogkj vFkok o`QR;] tks ;fn o;Ld osQ }kjk fu"ikfnr
fd, tk,¡ rks vijkèk le>s tkrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dk fo"k; gksrs gSaA¸
’’A juvenile Delinquent is a youngster whose anti-social behaviour or act which. if performed
by an adult, would be a criminal act and, therefore, subject to legal action.‘‘

22-2 fiNM+s ,oa vijkèkh ckydksa osQ izdkj (Types of Backword and Delinquent
Children)

22-2-1 fiNMs+iu osQ izdkj (Types of Backwardness)

izkjEHk ls gh fiNM+siu osQ izdkj osQ fo"k; esa euksoSKkfudksa esa dkiQh erHksn jgk gS] ijUrq ;fn eq[; :i ls
ns[ksa rks ge ckydksa osQ fiNM+siu dks fuEu :i ls oxhZo`Qr dj ldrs gSaµ
1- ekufld :i ls fiNM+s ckyd (Mentally Backward Children)µ ekufld :i ls fiNM+s ckyd
og gksrs gSa ftudk ekufld fodkl iwjh rjg ugha gks ikrk gSA buosQ fiNM+siu dk irk buosQ O;ogkj }kjk
yxk;k tkrk gSA oqQN euksoSKkfud bUgsa eUn vfèkxkeh (Slow learner) osQ uke ls iqdkjrs gSaA
2- 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s ckyd (Educationally Backward Children)µ 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s ckyd
og gksrs gSa tks fdlh fo|ky;h fo"k; esa v;ksX; gksrs gSa rFkk ftuosQ i<+us dh fu"ifÙk (achievement)
viuh vk;q osQ ckydksa ls nks ;k rhu o"kZ de gksrh gSA buosQ fy, 'kSf{kd dk;ZozQe cukus osQ fy, fiNM+siu
ij è;ku nsuk iM+rk gSA ;s fuEu ek=kk osQ gksrs gSaµ

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