Page 226 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV gS vFkkZr~ ;g ,d tUetkr izo`fÙk gksrh gSA fdUrq vusd euksoSKkfudksa us vius vè;;uksa osQ vkèkkj ij
bl fopkjèkkjk dks xyr fl¼ dj fn;k gSA

vkèkqfud oSKkfud fopkjèkkjk osQ vuqlkj vijkèkh izo`fÙk rFkk oa'kkuqozQe esa dksbZ lacUèk
ugha gksrk gSA

(ii) 'kkjhfjd dkj.k (Physical Causes)µ oqQN fo}kuksa us 'kkjhfjd v{kerk rFkk vLoLFkrk o 'kkjhfjd
lajpuk lacUèkh nks"kksa dks vijkèkh O;ogkj ls lacfUèkr ekuk gSA buesa ozsQ'kej (Kretschmer)] 'ksYMu
(Sheldon)] XY;wDl (Gluecks) rFkk mn; 'kadj izeq[k gSaA 'ksYMu osQ vuqlkj ekalis'kh; (mesomorphic)
vijkèkh izo`fÙk dh vksj tYnh mUeq[k gksrs gSaA mn;'kadj cky&vijkfèk;ksa dh 'kkjhfjd lajpuk osQ fo"k;
esa fy[krs gSaµ¶'kkjhfjd vLoLFkrk vFkok detksjh cgqr NksVh ;k cgqr yEck dn o MhyMkSy] 'kkjhfjd
vax] izR;axksa esa dksbZ xEHkhj nks"k vFkok [kjkch ckyd esa izk;%ghu Hkkouk dks tUe nsrh gSA¸ (Poor health,
short or too big a stature or some physical deformity which may give rise to feelings of
inferiority, dispose one to more aggression, as a compensatory reaction for one’s
inadequacies.) iQyLo:i viuh dfe;ksa dh {kfr iwfrZ osQ fy, og vfèkd vkozQked gks mBrs gSa vkSj
bl rjg èkhjs&èkhjs muesa vkijkfèkd eukso`fÙk ?kj djus yxrh gSA
(iii) ekufld dkj.k (Mental Causes)µ oqQN euksoSKkfudksa us ckSf¼d {kerkvksa dks vijkèkh izo`fÙk ls
lacfUèkr ekuk gSA buesa ls eq[; xksMkMZ] ghyk o czksuj gSaA ghyk rFkk czksuj us cky&vijkfèk;ksa ij fd,
vius vè;;u esa ik;k fd 37» cky&vijkèkh vlkekU; Lrj dh ckSf¼d {kerk j[krs gSaA blosQ vkèkkj
ij ghyk us ekufld U;wurk okys O;fDr esa vijkèkh izo`fÙk ik;s tkus dh laHkkouk,¡ vfèkd gksrh gSaA
buosQ foijhr cVZ osQ vuqlkj ekufld U;wurk vko';d :i ls vijkèkh izo`fÙk ls lacfUèkr ugha gksrh gSA
mUgksaus vius vè;;u esa vijkfèk;ksa dh vkSlr cqf¼ yfCèk 85 ik;h Fkh ftlesa oqQN mÙke cqf¼ okys ckyd
Hkh 'kkfey FksA mn; 'kadj us Hkh vius vè;;u esa ekufld U;wurk rFkk vijkèk esa dksbZ lacUèk ugha ik;kA
bl izdkj ekufld U;wurk vijkèkh izo`fÙk dk ,d laHkkfor dkj.k gks ldrh gS fdUrq izR;sd vijkèkh
vko';d :i ls fuEu ckSf¼d Lrj okyk ugha gksrk gSA lkFk gh fdlh fo'ks"k izdkj osQ vijkèk dks djus
okys O;fDr;ksa dh cqf¼yfCèk dk foLrkj Hkh fuf'pr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- lkekftd dkjd (Social Factors)
vusd vè;;uksa ls ;g izekf.kr gks pqdk gS fd vijkèk dk;Z ,d vlkekftd O;ogkj gS tks tUetkr u gksdj
vftZr (acquired) gksrk gSA vr% lkekftd i;kZoj.k ls lacfUèkr vusd dkjd bl O;ogkj vFkok izo`fÙk osQ fy,
mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSaA ;s vusd dkjd fuEu izdkj gks ldrs gSaµ
(i) lekt dk HkkSfrd <k¡pk (Physical Structure of Society)µ vkS|ksfxd cfLr;k¡] ?kuh cfLr;k¡]
vkl&ikl dk xUnk rFkk xjhcksa dk okrkoj.k] vijkèkh {ks=k vkfn vusd ,sls dkjd gSa tks ckyd dks
vijkèkh dk;ks± dks djus osQ fy, izsfjr djrs gSaA
(ii) lekt osQ uSfrd rFkk èkkfeZd ewY; (Moral and Religious Values of Society)µ ftl lekt esa
ckyd c<+rk gS rFkk fofHkUu lkewfgd O;ogkj vkSj fozQ;kdyki lh[krk gS] mldk uSfrd Lrj] mlosQ yksxksa
osQ èkkfeZd fopkj] HksnHkko dh Hkkouk] vLi'kZrk vkfn mlosQ ijkge~ (Superego) osQ fodkl dks izHkkfor
djrs gSaA mldk dkSu&lk dk;Z lekt osQ fdl fu;e rksM+rk gS] rFkk D;k og O;ogkj lekt }kjk Loho`Qr
gksxk] bldk fu.kZ; djus dh 'kfDr dk fodkl lekt osQ }kjk izLrqr vkn'kks± rFkk vkpj.kksa osQ vuq:i
gh gksrk gSA ,sls lekt esa tgk¡ ukjh dks mfpr laeku fn;k tkrk gS ckyd viuh ySafxd bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ

220 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY