Page 227 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—23% fiNMs+ gq, ,oa vijkèkh ckyd% igpku] dkj.k ,oa leL;k,¡

osQ fy, cykRdkj vFkok NsM+NkM+ tSls vijkèk djus ls vius vkidks jksdus esa l{ke cuk ysrk gS tcfd uksV
,sls lekt esa iyus okyk ckyd] tgk¡ ukjh dks fuEu rFkk frjLo`Qr O;ogkj feyrk gS] muosQ lkFk v'yhy
O;ogkj djus ls vius vki esa ghurk vFkok vijkèk Hkkouk dk vuqHko ugha djrkA
(iii) nwf"kr lekt (Disintegrated Society)µ fo?kfVr lekt tgk¡] ruko rFkk fofHkUUkrkvksa dk okrkoj.k
gksrk gS] ckyd izk;% vijkèkh izo`fÙk dh vksj >qd tkrs gSaA lekt esa O;kIr èkks[kkèkM+h] pksj cktkjh ?kwl[kksjh]
O;fHkpkj vkfn ckydksa esa bl izo`fÙk dks fodflr djus okys lcls vfèkd izcy rFkk izeq[k dkjd gksrs gSaA
3- ikfjokfjd dkjd (Family Factors)

ckydksa esa vknrksa] vkpj.k] O;ogkj rFkk O;fDrRo osQ vU; vk;keksa dk fodkl mudh ikfjokfjd ifjfLFkfr;ksa
dks lcls vfèkd izHkkfor djrk gSA izk;% vYik;q esa ckyd tks Hkh vijkèkh o`QR; tkucw>dj vFkok vKkurk
esa lh[k ysrs gSa] lcls igys ?kj ij gh O;ogkj :i esa ykrs gSaA ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa osQ }kjk bu ij è;ku u
nsus rFkk ckyd dks mfpr izdkj funsZf'kr u djus ls ;gh O;ogkj fd'kksjkoLFkk rd igq¡dj mlosQ O;fDrRo dk
,d vax cu tkrs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr Hkh ifjokj ls lacfUèkr vusd dkjd ckyd dks vijkèkh cukus osQ fy,
mÙkjnk;h vFkok lgk;d gksrs gSaµ

(i) fo?kfVr ifjokj (Borken Home)µ ifjokj esa ekrk&firk osQ eè; lacUèk] ikfjokfjd dyg]
yM+kbZ&>xM+s rFkk vlg;ksxh izo`fÙk vkfn ckyd osQ ekufld LokLF; dks fo'ks"k :i ls izHkkfor djrh
gSaA lkFk gh ekrk&firk nksuksa dk gh ukSdjh ij tkuk rFkk ckyd dk ukSdjksa osQ laj{k.k esa iyuk Hkh
vijkèkh izo`fÙk osQ fodkl osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gks ldrk gSA ,sls ifjokjksa esa ckyd dks ftruk laj{k.k]
izf'k{k.k rFkk I;kj ifjokjhtuksa ls feyuk pkfg,] ugha fey ikrk gS vkSj ckyd dk O;fDrRo foo`Qr
izdkj dk gks tkrk gSA

(ii) vkfFkZd nqnZ'kk (Poverty)µ ?kj dh vk; osQ lhfer lkèku gksus ij ekrk&firk ckyd dh lHkh
vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ugha dj ikrs vkSj izk;% ckyd dks mldh fo'ks"k ek¡xksa ij Mk¡Vrs&iQVdkjrs gSa ftlls
ckyd pksjh djosQ] >wB cksydj] cM+ksa dk vuknj djosQ] xkyh nsdj vius bl vHkko dh iwfrZ dk iz;kl
dHkh HkkSfrd rFkk dHkh ekufld :i ls dj ysrk gSA mldk ;gh O;ogkj xEHkhjrk rFkk fujarjrk ys ysus
ij vijkèk cuk tkrk gSA dukMk dh dY;k.k lfefr us vius vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij xjhch rFkk vijkèk
esa ?kfu"B lacUèk crk;k gSA

(‘‘Poverty and Crime the terrible twins, go had in hand.’’)µ
(iii) fu;ksZX; ekrk&firk (Disabled Parents)µ ekrk&firk dh 'kkjhfjd] ekufld rFkk 'kSf{kd fu;ksZX;rk,¡
Hkh ckyd esa vlkekftd O;ogkj rFkk vijkèkh izo`fÙk osQ fodkl osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSaA buosQ dkj.k
os vius ckydksa dks mfpr laj{k.k] izf'k{k.k rFkk funsZ'k nsus esa vleFkZ gksrs gSaA ekrk&firk dk vkpj.k]
pfj=k vkfn dkjd Hkh blh oxZ esa vkrs gSaA
(iv) misf{kr O;ogkj (Behaviour of Rejection)µ ckyd dks ?kj esa mfpr I;kj] laeku] LFkku rFkk Loho`Qfr
u feyus ij vFkok i{kikriw.kZ O;ogkj osQ dkj.k ckyd vius vkidks ?kj osQ okrkoj.k esa lek;ksftr
ugha dj ikrkA iQyLo:i og ?kj ls Hkkx tkus dh] HkkbZ&cguksa dks d"V vFkok gkfu igq¡pkus dh ;kstuk,¡
cukrk gS rFkk ,sls O;ogkj djrk gS ftlls fd og viuh bu lkaosfxd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy,
ekrk&firk dk è;ku viuh rjiQ vkdf"kZr dj losQA
(v) o`gn~ ifjokj (Crowded Homes)µ ,sls cM+s ifjokjksa esa (fo'ks"kdj cM+s 'kgjksa esa) tgk¡ vusd lnL;
,d lkFk cgqr de LFkku vFkok ,d gh dejs esa jgrs gksa] ckyd ySafxd vijkèk osQ fo"k; esa 'kh?kz gh
cgqr oqQN lh[k tkrs gSaA lkFk gh bu ifjokjksa esa LFkku vHkko osQ dkj.k mRiUu dyg] fofHkUurk,¡ rFkk
nqjkpkj Hkh ckyd dh eukso`fÙk rFkk nqjkpkj Hkh ckyd dh eukso`fÙk dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA

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