Page 225 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI
P. 225
bdkbZ—23% fiNMs+ gq, ,oa vijkèkh ckyd% igpku] dkj.k ,oa leL;k,¡
osQ izfr mnklhu jguk Hkh ckydksa osQ 'kSf{kd fiNMs+iu dk dkj.k cu tkrk gSA uksV
ifjokj dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr o ekrk&firk dh f'k{kk osQ vfrfjDr ikfjokfjd lacUèk] ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa
dk O;ogkj] ifjokj dk vkdkj] ekrk&firk osQ lacUèk vkfn Hkh ckydksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfCèk dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
?kj dk rukoiw.kZ okrkoj.k] ckyd ij cgqr vfèkd è;ku vFkok mis{kk] ekrk&firk osQ fopkjksa esa fHkUurk vkfn
ckyd dh euksoSKkfud o lkekftd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ esa ckèkk mRiUu djrk gSA ,sls okrkoj.k esa ckyd
esa lqj{kk dh Hkkouk dk fodkl ugha gks ikrkA iQyLo:i Lusg o izksRlkgu osQ vHkko esa og f'k{kk dh rjiQ ls
viuk è;ku gVk ysrk gS vkSj bl izdkj leku {kerk okys vU; ckydksa ls d{kk esa fiNM+ tkrk gSA
2- fo|ky;h dkj.k (Causes Related to School and School Enviornment)µ fo|ky; ckydksa dh
vkSipkfjd f'k{kk osQ eq[; osQUnz gksrs gSaA vr% ?kj osQ i'pkr~ fo|ky; dk okrkoj.k ckyd dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfCèk
dks mYys[kuh; :i ls izHkkfor djrk gSA ckyd dk fo|ky; esa foyEc ls izos'k (late admission) ysuk] fujUrj
vuqifLFkr jguk] l=k esa vusd LowQyksa esa LFkkukUrj.k] vè;kidksa dks 'kh?kzrk ls cnyuk vkfn] ftuosQ iQyLo:i
;g vusd egRoiw.kZ ikBksa os d{kk&dk;ks± dks ozQe'k% i<+us o djus ls oafpr jg tkrk gS rFkk i<+kbZ esa mldh
fujUrjrk (Continuity) Hkax gks tkrh gS] ckyd osQ d{kk esa fiNM+ tkus esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
blosQ vfrfjDr f'k{kdksa }kjk xyr f'k{k.k i¼fr;ksa dk iz;ksx] nks"kiw.kZ] v#fpdj o izHkkoghu vè;;u] d{kk&dk;Z
o x`g&dk;Z dks fu;fer :i ls u ns[kuk] d{kk esa i{kkikriw.kZ O;ogkj] ckydksa dks mudh miyfCèk o {kerk osQ
vuq:i izksRlkfgr o izsfjr u djuk vkfn rFkk vè;kidksa o Nk=kksa osQ eè; rukoiw.kZ lacUèk Hkh ckydksa osQ 'kSf{kd
fiNM+siu osQ oqQN eq[; dkj.k gks ldrs gSaA izfrHkklaiUu ckyd izk;% fuEu vkfFkZd Lrj osQ fo|ky;ksa esa vius leku
vk;q o {kerk okys ckydksa ls fiNM+ tkrs gSaA bu fo|ky;ksa esa vko';d lqfoèkkvksa o midj.kksa dk vHkko] nks"kiw.kZ
ijh{kk iz.kkyh] funsZ'ku o laof¼Zr ikB~;ozQe dk vHkko] vuq'kklughurk o vO;oLFkk vkfn dkj.k blosQ fy,
mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSaA
3- lkekftd dkj.k (Causes Related to Social Environment and Relations)µ lekt osQ okrkoj.k esa
fufgr oqQN dkjd ,sls Hkh gS tks ckyd dh 'kSf{kd miyfCèk dks izR;{k o vizR;{k nksuksa :iksa esa izHkkfor djrs
gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZµ ckyd osQ ikl&iM+ksl dk okrkoj.k] laxh&lkfFk;ksa dh vk;q] mudk lkekftd&vkfFkZd ,oa 'kSf{kd
Lrj o lk¡Lo`Qfrd i`"BHkwfe] euksjatu osQ miyCèk lkèku] fiQYesa (films)] jsfM;ks o Vh-oh- ij izlkfjr dk;ZozQe]
mu laLFkkvksa rFkk Dycksa (Clubs) osQ mís'; o fozQ;k&dyki ftudk og ckyd lnL; gS] ifjokj osQ lkekftd
laLFkkvksa ls lacaèk rFkk lekt esa LFkku vkfnA blosQ vfrfjDr vlkekftd rRoksa esa mBus&cSBus rFkk euksjatu ,oa
[ksyksa esa vfèkd è;ku o le; nsus okyk ckyd izk;% f'k{kk osQ izfr mnklhu gks tkrk gS vkSj d{kk esa ,d ckj
dh vliQyrk osQ i'pkr~ Hkh ;fn mlosQ dkj.kksa ij è;ku ugha fn;k tkrk gS rks mldh vliQyrk esa fujUrjrk vk
tkrh gS vkSj og fiNM+s ckydksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey gks tkrk gSA
23-2-2 cky vijkèk osQ dkj.k (Causes of Delinquency)
cky&vijkèk osQ dkj.kksa dh [kkst ls lacfUèkr vusd vè;u fd, x, gSa rFkk euks&oSKkfudksa osQ bu vè;;uksa osQ
ifj.kkeksa osQ vkèkkj ij cky&vijkèk osQ vusd fdUrq i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q dkj.k crk;s gSaA lefUor :i ls ns[kk tk, rks
ckyd osQ O;fDrRo rFkk O;ogkj dks izHkkfor rFkk funsZf'kr djus okys Í.kkRed dkjd mldh vijkèkkh izo`fÙk
osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gks ldrs gSaA budks ik¡p oxks± esa j[kk tk ldrk gSµ
1- O;fDrxr dkjd (Personal Factors)
cky&vijkèk osQ O;fDrRo dkj.k fuEu gks ldrs gSaµ
(i) oa'kkuqozQe (Heredity)µ vusd oa'kkuqozQe fo'ks"kKksa rFkk vijkèk'kkfL=k;ksa us oa'kkuqozQe dks cky&vijkèk
dk ewy dkj.k ekuk gSA buesa ls yksEczkslh] VªsMxksYM (Tredgold)] MxMsV (Dugdate) rFkk gsujh vkfn
osQ vuqlkj ckyd] cky&vijkèk dh izo`fÙk rFkk fo'ks"krk,¡ ekrk&firk ls oa'kkuqozQe osQ }kjk izkIr djrk
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 219