Page 223 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI
P. 223
bdkbZ—23% fiNMs+ gq, ,oa vijkèkh ckyd% igpku] dkj.k ,oa leL;k,¡
7- tqvk [ksyuk 13» uksV
8- vfgalk] funZ;rk] yM+kbZ&>xM+k] vkozQe.k 12»
9- laifÙk dks u"V djuk 11»
10- ySafxd vijkèkµcykRdkj] lefyaxh;rk]
fo"kefyaxh;rk] v'yhyrk vkfn 11»
11- dRy 3»
12- u'khys inkFkks± dk lsou 3»
blosQ vfrfjDr la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa cky&vijkfèk;ksa esa yM+osQ rFkk yM+fd;ksa osQ eè; 4 o 1 dk vuqikr
ik;k x;kA Hkkjro"kZ esa yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k cky&vijkèkh osQ :i esa cgqr de fjiksVZ dh
xbZ gSA ,slk laHkr% lk¡Lo`Qfrd fofHkUurkvksa osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA mn;'kadj us vius vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij ;g
Hkh ik;k fd vfèkdka'k vijkèkh ckyd fuEu vkSlr vkfFkZd lkekftd Lrj osQ ifjokjksa ls gksrs gSa rFkk budk
cqf¼ yfCèk Lrj Hkh izk;% lkekU; gksrk gS D;ksafd vijkèkh izo`fÙk ewy :i ls ifjfLFkfrtU; gksrh gSA
23-2 fiNM+siu ,oa vijkèkh ckyd osQ dkj.k (Causes of Backward and Delinquent
children)
23-2-1 fiNM+siu osQ dkj.k (Causes of Backwardness)
Lo;a osQ O;fDrRo rFkk okrkoj.k esa fufgr vusd dkjd ckyd osQ 'kSf{kd fiNM+siu osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gks ldrs
gSaA bu fofHkUu O;fDrxr (vFkok O;fDrxr lacUèkh) o cká (vFkok okrkoj.kh;) dkj.kksa dks fuEu izdkj
lqfoèkkiwoZd O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
ifjos'kh; dkj.k
vlkekU;
O;fDrxr dkj.k (Causes Lying within the Child)
1- vlkekU; 'kkjhfjd o nSfgd fodkl (Sub-normal Physical and Physiological Development)µ
ckydksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfCèk dkiQh lhek rd muosQ HkkSfrd fodkl dh voLFkk rFkk Lo:i ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
fiNM+s ckydksa esa izk;% vlkekU; 'kkjhfjd vFkok nSfgd fodkl osQ dkj.k lh[kus dh xfr lkekU; (normal) ckydksa
dh rqyuk esa de gksrh gSA iQyLo:i os d{kk esa leku vk;q o {kerk okys ckydksa ls 'kSf{kd miyfCèk esa fiNM+
tkrs gSaA cVZ] 'kkWusy rFkk vU; euksoSKkfudksa us vius vè;;uksa osQ vkèkkj ij vlkekU; 'kkjhfjd fodkl dks 'kSf{kd
fiNM+siu dk eq[; dkj.k crk;k gSA cVZ osQ vuqlkj yxHkx 80» fiNM+s ckydksa esa fiNM+siu dk dkj.k eUn nSfgd
fodkl gh gS ftlosQ dkj.k buesa tho'kfDr dh deh (lack of vitality)] detksj ekalis'kh leatu (Poor
muscular co-ordination) rFkk vU; 'kkjhfjd nks"k gks ldrs gSaA
'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk@v{kerk tSlsµ n`f"Vnks"k] mQ¡pk lquuk] oko~Q nks"k] 'kkjhfjd foo`Qfr rFkk ck;k¡iu (left
handedness) vkfn ckydksa dh lkekU; d{kkvksa esa lkekU; f'k{k.k i¼fr;ksa osQ iz;ksx ls izxfr esa ckèkk mRiUu
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 217
