Page 36 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV lkekftd ,oa ekufld vk/kjksa esa vUrj vk tkrs gSa ijUrq bUgsa Li/kZRed fLFkfr;ksa dk vkHkkl vkSj ykHk dk Kku
djk dj lkekU; vFkok mPp lkekU; ckydksa osQ le{k fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd fodykax O;fDr dh Hkh viuh
oqQN fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa mi;ksfxrk,¡ gksrh gSaA oqQN le; iwoZ mUgsa ek=k n;k dk ik=k ;k iki dk mnkgj.k le>k tkrk
Fkk fdUrq tSls&tSls lkekftd tkx`fr c<+rh xbZ fodykaxksa osQ izfr yksxksa dk n`f‘dks.k Hkh cnyrk x;kA vkt osQ ;qx
esa bUgha fodykax O;fDr;ksa dks lekt osQ vU; lkekU; O;fDr;ksa osQ leku le>k tkus yxk gSA mudks f'k{kk] izf'k{k.k
,oa funsZ'ku iznku djus osQ fy;s fofHkUu laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS ftlls os vU; lkekU; O;fDr;ksa osQ leku
viuh mi;ksfxrk fl¼ dj losaQA

4-1 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax ckydµ vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Physicaly Handicapped
Children— Meaning and Definition)

oqQN ckyd tUe ls gh oqQN 'kkjhfjd nks"k ysdj mRiUu gksrs gSa] tcfd oqQN vU; dk fdlh nq?kZVuk] pksV vFkok
chekjh osQ dkj.k dksbZ vax {kfrxzLr gks tkrk gSA ,sls ckydksa dks fcdykax ckyd dgk tkrk gSA bu ckydksa
esa ;g nks"k vFkok {kfr bruh vf/d gksrh gS fd ;s lHkh vFkok fdlh dk;Z fo'ks"k dks lkekU; <ax ls ugha dj
ikrs gSaA
Øks ,oa Øks (Crow and Crow) us ,sls ckydksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, dgk gSµ¶,d O;fDr ftldks dksbZ ,slk
'kkjhfjd nks"k gksrk gS] tks fdlh Hkh izdkj ls mls lkekU; fØ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysus ls jksdrk gS] vFkok mls lhfer
j[krk gS] mls ge 'kkjhfjd U;wurkxzLr ;k fodykax O;fDr dg ldrs gSaA¸
^jk‘ªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~* (NCERT) dk Ïksr xzUFk (Source book) esa fodykaxrk dks
fuEufyf[kr :i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSµ
"A handicap is restrictions imposed upon, or acquired by the chid, which affects the efficiency of
his/her day to day life."
ifjHkk"kk dk fo'ys"k.kµmijksDr ifjHkk"kk dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij fodykax ckydksa osQ laca/ esa fuEufyf[kr rR;
gksrs gSaµ

1- fodykaxrk ls rkRi;Z fdlh vax fo'ks"k dh dk;Z{kerk ij vaoqQ'k yx tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ og lhfer gks tkrh gSA
2- ;g fodykaxrk tUetkr Hkh gks ldrh gS vFkok tUe osQ ckn okrkoj.k osQ izHkko ls vftZr Hkh gks ldrh gSA
3- dk;Z{kerk ij vaoqQ'k bruk gksrk gS fd mlls ckyd dh fnu izfrfnu dh fØ;k,¡ izHkkfor gksrh gSaA
"A individual who is affected with a physical impairment that in any way limits of inhibits his
participation in normal activities may be refered to as physically handicapped."
ifjHkk"kk dk fo'ys"k.kµmijksDr ifjHkk"kk dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij fuEufyf[kr rF; lkeus vkrs gSaAµ
1- fodykax O;fDr;ksa esa fdlh izdkj dh 'kkjhfjd fucZyrk (Impairment) gksrh gSA

2- fodykaxrk osQ dkj.k O;fDr fdlh dk;Z dks ;k rks iwjh rjg ls ugha dj ikrk vFkok lhfer :i ls dj
ldrk gSA

4-2 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax ckydksa osQ izdkj (Types of Physically
Handicapped Chidren)

4-1-1 n`f‘ ckf/r ckyd (Visually Impaired Children)

iwoZ dky ls gh 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk osQ {ks=k esa lokZf/d nq[kn voLFkk n`f‘ghuksa dks Lohdkj dh tkrh jgh gSA lnk
ls gh mudk thou lekt esa n;k] lgkuqHkwfr o fHk{kk o`fÙk ij vkfJr jgk gS] rFkkfi] bfrgkl us gedks lwjnkl

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